leadup and background Flashcards
the new life movement
1934-37
promoted Confucian values and morality against opium, gambling, theft etc
could be interpreted CKS imposed this to counter the ideological and moral reformation from the CCP
=harassment of citizens, especially women.
was CKS successful in his socio-economic reform? YES x6
- 15000 miles of road built by 1936
- consumer society eg malls and cinemas
- reduction of foreign concessions 33->13
- revenues from customs trebled by 1931
- new unified currency by 1935
- 1931 new provisional constitution
was CKS successful in his socio-economic reform? NO
- whilst secondary schools trebled, there were still only 3000 to serve a 500 million population
- less railway tracks than the state of illinois
CKS achievements seminar notes
- Northern Expedition brought a more unified china and was done on a frugal budget as he rewarded donators with monopolies
- moved capital to the heartlands, and created a stronger, centralised government
- New Life Movement - strengthened china’s moral fabric through ethics and discipline
- consumer society in Shanghai established as well as industrialisation, modernisation and construction of infrastructure eg 15000 miles of road
- economically stronger through customs
- reduction in foreign concessions 33->13
failures of CKS seminar notes
- whilst infrastructure improved, there were less railways than the state of illinois.
- warlord were not eradicated and this allowed the CCP free passage through non-aggression pacts in Guangdong. unity was fragile
- standards of living were poor - 4.5% lived in cities with a population of over 100,000
- 1931 Mukden incident in Manchuria undermined CKS’s power as he took no action
- 1936 Xi’an incident was by his own subordinates = shows his rule as weak as he couldn’t recognise the real threat
Northern Expedition
1926 - starve each warlord’s army but offer food to peasants to gain support
1928 - all landlords either allied, subdued or killed (366,000 people dead)
Mukden Incident
1931 - Japanese soldiers unlawfully attacked Chinese soldiers which escalated into a full-scale military assault in Manchuria. = new puppet state Manchuko
=chinese were ordered to boycott japanese products which led to a decline in chinese sales by 2/3
Xi’an Incident
dec 10 - CKS tried to take away the young marshall’s position as he defied Chiang as he wanted the Manchurian army to FIGHT against the Japanese army instead of the Communists. Chang had allied with the communists against the japanese
dec 12 - CKS was taken at command of the Young Marshall
the communists wanted him executed but at request of stalin, modified their stance.
=CKS signed the united front and his offensive against communists in Xian was called off
when was the ccp founded
1921
when was ya’nan the official CCP base
moved from Jiangxi to Ya’nan in 1945
when was mao made chairman of the politburo and military council
1936
mao early life
-born in hunan to a prosperous grain merchant
-founded the party after joining a Marxist study group in uni
-led the autumn uprising in rebellion to the shanghai massacre in 1927. failed and he was arrested
-the 28 bolsheviks held influence in the party until 1936 when they were driven out
mao zedong thought
- role of the peasants as a revolutionary class (as industrial workers made just 1% of the pop)
- national self-reliance, wanted foreign influence gone
- continuing revolution,
- class struggle, danger that the communist officials could become a new ruling class -> party would be periodically purged eg Ya’nan 42-3 Rectification campaign
- learning from the people who should be embedded in policy making
- mass mobilisation - to reach goals eg roads, railways and to defeat bureaucracy.
how many were killed in the shanghai massacre
70,000
social reform under the CCP in Jianxi
dec 1931 - outlawed arranged marriage and divorce was made easier. estimates of 10,000 killed.
