Social Ch 10 (W7)

Question 1

aggression

Answer 1

actions designed to harm others in some way

Question 2

Freud and Konrad Lorenz view on aggression

Answer 2

According to Freud, this instinct is initially aimed at self-destruction, but is soon redirected outward, toward others. A related view was proposed by Konrad Lorenz, a Nobel Prize–winning ethologist, who suggested that aggression springs mainly from an inherited fighting instinct, which ensures that only the strongest males will obtain mates and pass their genes on to the next generation (Lorenz, 1966, 1974).

Question 3

Gender difference in agression

Answer 3

Males are more aggressive towards thermals, then females. And there is no such difference towards females
(mating)

Question 4

drive theories (of aggression)

Answer 4

Theories suggesting that aggression stems from external conditions
that arouse the motive to harm or injure others.

Question 5

On of the drive theories frustration-agression theory

Answer 5

theory suggests that frustration leads to the arousal of a drive whose primary goal is that of harming some person. (aggression) or object—primarily the perceived cause of frustration
1) frustration always arrises from aggression
2) Frustration always results in aggression
However both of the arguments are not necessarily true the frustration is not the only and not main cause of aggression

Question 6

Social learning prespective

Answer 6

Human beings are not born with aggressive responses. Rather, they must acquire through direct experience or by observing the behavior of others.
So individuals can learn depending on their surroundings
1) various ways to harm others,
(2) which people or groups are appropriate targets for aggression,
(3) what actions by others justify retaliation or vengeance on their part, and
(4) what situations or contexts are ones in which aggression is permitted or even approved

Question 7

general aggression model (GAM)

Answer 7

A modern theory of aggression suggesting that aggression is triggered by a wide range of input variables that influence arousal, affective stages, and cognitions.
Two categories can lead to aggression
1) input variable: situational and personal factors and experiensing of aggressive models
2) personal differences: like traits, etc

Question 8

provocation

Answer 8

Actions by others that tend to trigger aggression in the recipient, often because they are perceived as stemming from malicious intent.

Question 9

Provocation and agression

Answer 9

Provocation trigges agression because. we tent to the same or more amount of aggression on people that provoked us.

Question 10

teasing

Answer 10

provoking statements that call attention to an individual’s flaws and imperfections, but can be, at the same time, somewhat playful in nature

Question 11

Exclsion

Answer 11

Leads to increase in aggression

Social exclusion operates through the hostile cognitive mind-set or bias

Question 12

Media and violence

Answer 12

• Results of such research, too, are clear: The more violent films or television programs participants watched as children, the higher their levels of aggression as teen- agers or adults
• Bushman and Anderson suggest that repeated exposure to media violence can create a hostile expectation bias—a strong expectation that others will behave aggressively.

Question 13

Video games and violence

Answer 13

playing such games increases aggressive cognitions

Question 14

In which way media effects violence

Answer 14

First it reduces individuals’emotional reactions violence, in a sense, they perceive them as “nothing out of the ordinary.”
Second, it strengthens beliefs, expectations, and other cognitive processes related to aggression

Question 15

cultures of honor

Answer 15

Cultures in which there are strong norms indicating that aggression is an appropriate response to insults to one’s honor.

Question 16

fundamental attribution error

Answer 16

assuming that others’ traits and characteristics largely determine their behavior.

Question 17

TASS model (the traits as situational sensitivities model)

Answer 17

The tendency to behave aggressively (sometimes known as trait aggressiveness) will only influence overt behavior when situational factors are strong enough to activate it.

Question 18

Type A

Answer 18

(1) extremely competi- tive, (2) always in a hurry, and (3) especially irritable and aggressive

Question 19

Type B

Answer 19

not highly competitive, who are more relaxed and not always fighting the clock, and who do remain calm even in the face of strong provocation

Question 20

Difference in aggression A and B

Answer 20

• people with type A personality show quicker hostile aggression ( goal is to hurt someone)
• Both A and B same in instrumental aggression( primary goal is to achieve something)

Question 21

hostile aggression

Answer 21

Aggression in which the prime objective is inflicting some kind of harm on the victim.

Question 22

instrumental aggression

Answer 22

Aggression in which the primary goal is not to harm the victim but rather attainment of some other goal—for example, access to valued resources.

Question 23

Hostile attribution bias

Answer 23

Tendency to attribute unclear actions by others as hostile

-plays a role in aggression

Question 24

Narcissism

Answer 24

higher level of narcissism–> higher level of aggression especially to those threats that hurt their self-image

• they are more likely to see themselves as victims
• Also they have a lot of self doubt

Question 25

Heat, alcohol

Answer 25

Increase aggression

Question 26

bullying

Answer 26

a form of behavior in which one person repeatedly assaults one or more others who have little or no power to retaliate

Question 27

Bullies

Answer 27

• bullies tend to believe that others act the way they do intentionally or because of lasting characteristics
• bullies tend to be lower in self- esteem than other people.
• bullies tend to adopt a ruthless, manipulative approach to life and to dealing with other people

Question 28

Victims

Answer 28

perceive others as acting as they do at least in part because they are responding to external events of conditions.
-bully-victims believe that the best way to respond to bullying is with aggression.

Question 29

cyberbullying

Answer 29

Bullying (repeated assaults against specific target persons) occurring in chatrooms and other Internet locations.

Question 30

Preventing agression

Answer 30

Punishment works

• people who act deserve punishment
• preventing others from showing the same behavior
• getting dangerous people outside of society ( prisons)

Question 31

Punishment prevents agression if:

Answer 31

-follows right after aggressive act
- strong enough to feel unpleasant
- recover of it feel like they deserve it
(but no justice system meets all of those)

Question 32

catharsis hypothesis

Answer 32

The view that providing angry people with an opportunity to express their aggressive impulses in relatively safe ways will reduce their tendencies
to engage in more harmful forms of aggression.

Question 33

self-affirmation

Answer 33

Refers to the tendency to respond to a threat to one’s self-concept by affirming one’s competence in another area (different from the threat).
- students that had high narcissism where given tasks that gives them more self esteem and helped with self affirmation