social beliefs and judgements (9.2)

Question 1

true or false

how we interpret everything is a result of our beliefs

Answer 1

true

Question 2

tendency to hold onto a belief despite new information contradicting it

Answer 2

belief perseverance

Question 3

wrongly attributing an action to an incorrect reason

Answer 3

misattribution

Question 4

theories that analyze how we explain and infer from people’s actions

Answer 4

attribution theories

Question 5

attribution theories

types of attributions

Answer 5

• dispositional attributions
• situational attributions

Question 6

attributing people’s behavior to internal causes

Answer 6

dispositional attributions

Question 7

attributing people’s behavior to external causes

Answer 7

situational attributions

Question 8

when traits are easily inferred from people’s actions

Answer 8

spontaneous trait inference

Question 9

three dimensions to attributions

Answer 9

• stability
• locus
• control

Question 10

the extent of how internal or external an attribution will be

Answer 10

locus dimension

Question 11

tendency to write off situations in favor of dispositions

Answer 11

fundamental attribution error

correspondence bias

Question 12

other name for fundamental attribution error

Answer 12

correspondence bias

Question 13

occurs when we watch someone’s actions

Answer 13

spontaneous trait inference

Question 14

preconceived negative attitude (towards a group & its individual members)

Answer 14

prejudice

Question 15

beliefs about another group that may be accurate, inaccurate, or overgeneralized

Answer 15

stereotypes

Question 16

unjustified negative behavior towards a group or its members

often rooted in prejudicial behavior

Answer 16

discrimination

Question 17

forms of prejudice

Answer 17

• implicit
• explicit

Question 18

cause of prejudice in social situations

Answer 18

unequal status

Question 19

tendency to believe the world is just and people get what they deserve

Answer 19

just-world phenomenon

Question 20

physical or verbal behavior that is intended to cause harm

Answer 20

aggresion

Question 21

true or false

positive aggression exists

Answer 21

false

Question 22

types of aggression

Answer 22

• hostile aggression
• instrumental aggression

Question 23

springs from anger with goal to injure

type of aggression

Answer 23

hostile aggression

Question 24

also meant to injure but as a means to achieve an end

type of aggression

Answer 24

instrumental aggression

Question 25

three theories on aggression

Answer 25

• instinct theory & evolutionary psychology
• frustration-aggression theory
• social learning theory of aggression

Question 27

argues that aggression is instinctive

theory of aggression

Answer 27

instinct theory & evolutionary psychology

Question 28

rooted in frustration which arises from gap between expectations and attainment

Answer 28

frustration-aggression theory

Question 29

aggression is a learned behavior

Answer 29

social learning theory of aggression

Question 30

aggression is redued when one ‘releases’ aggressive energy either by acting aggressively or fantacizing about aggression

Answer 30

catharsis hypothesis

Question 31

three theories that explain motivation to help others

Answer 31

• social-exchange theory
• reciprocity norm
• social-responsibility norm

Question 32

assumes that act of helping is motivated by a desire to maximize rewards

rewards may be internal or external

Answer 32

social-exchange theory

Question 33

expectation to help those who have helped us

Answer 33

reciprocity norm

Question 34

expectation to help others even if they can’t reciprocate (victims)

if self-inflicted helplessness, no help is given

Answer 34

social-responsibility norm