social and personality development in Childhood

Question 1

authoritative

Answer 1

a parenting style characterized by high expectations for children’s behavior, good communication, warmth and nurturance and the use of reasoning as preferred responses to children’s misbehaviors

Question 2

conscience

Answer 2

the cognitive, emotional, and social influences that cause young children to create and act consistently with internal standards of conduct

Question 3

effortful control

Answer 3

a temperament quality that enables children to to be more successful in motivational self-regulation

Question 4

family stress model

Answer 4

a description of the negative effects of family financial difficulty on child adjustments through economic stress on parents depressed mood, increased marital problems, and poor parenting.

Question 5

gender schemas

Answer 5

organized beliefs and expectations about maleness and femaleness that guide children’s thinking about gender

Question 6

goodness of fit

Answer 6

the match between a child’s temperament and characteristics of parental care that contributes to positive and negative personality development.
-parents accommodate childs attributes which contribute to personality growth and better adjustment

Question 7

security of attachment

Answer 7

an infants confidence in the sensitivity and responsiveness of a caregiver especially when he or she is needed infants can securely attach or insecurely attached.

Question 8

social referencing

Answer 8

the process by which one individual consults another emotional expression to determine how to evaluate and respond to circumstances that are uncertain.

Question 9

temperament

Answer 9

early emerging differences in reactivity and self-regulation, which constitutes a foundation for personality development

Question 10

theory of mind

Answer 10

children’s growing understanding of the mental states that affect people behavior