Conditioning and Learning

Question 1

blocking

Answer 1

• -classical conditioning

- no conditioning occurs to the stimulus it’s been combined with a previously conditioned stimulus

Question 2

categorize

Answer 2

to sort or arrange different items into classes or categories

Question 3

conditioned response

Answer 3

CR- response that is elicited by the conditional stimulus after classical conditioning has taken place

Question 4

classical conditioning

Answer 4

Pavlovian experiment and “little Albert”

Question 5

conditioned stimulus

Answer 5

CS-an initially neutral stimulus (bell, light, tone) that elicits a conditioned response after it has been associated with an unconditioned stimulus

Question 6

discriminative stimulus

Answer 6

an operant conditioning, a stimulus that signals whether the response will be reinforced. It is said to “set the occasion” for the operant response

Question 7

goal-directed behavior

Answer 7

instrumental behavior is influenced by the animal’s knowledge of the association between the behavior and their consequences.

Question 8

observational learning

Answer 8

learning by observing the behavior of others

Question 9

punisher

Answer 9

a stimulus that decreases the strength of the operant behavior when it is made a consequence of the behavior

Question 10

reinforcer

Answer 10

any consequence of a behavior that strengthens the behavior or increases the likelihood that it will be performed again

Question 11

quantitive law of effect

Answer 11

math rule that states the effectiveness of a reinforcer at strengthening an opertant response depending on the amount.

Question 12

law of effect

Answer 12

the idea that instrumental or operant responses are influcenced by their effects.

Question 13

social learning theory

Answer 13

the theory that people can learn new responses and behaviors by observing the behavior of others

Question 14

social models

Answer 14

authorities that are the targets for observation and who models behavior

Question 15

spontaneous recovery

Answer 15

recovery of an extinguished response that occurs with the passage of time after extinction. Can occur after the extinction in either classical or instrumental condiotioning

Question 16

Research participants

Answer 16

A person being studied as a part of a research program

Question 17

Social Attribution

Answer 17

The way a person explains the motive or behaviors of others

Question 18

Social cognitions

Answer 18

The way people process and apply information about others

Question 19

Social influence

Answer 19

When one person causes a change in attitude or behaviors in another person, whether intentionally or unintentionally

Question 20

Social psychology

Answer 20

A branch of psychological science that is mainly concerned with understanding how the presence of others affects our thoughts, feelings and behaviors

Question 21

Stereotyping

Answer 21

A mental process of using information shortcuts about a group to effectively navigate social situations or make decisions

Question 22

Stigmatized Group

Answer 22

A group that suffers from social disapproval based on some characteristics that set them apart from the majority