Consciousness

Question 1

consciousness

Answer 1

the ability of a person, to generate a series of conscious experiences one after another (the whole range of mental contents open to an individual)

Question 2

conscious experience

Answer 2

a moment of an awareness=essential ingredient of consciousness

Question 3

attempts to understand consciousness have been mostly dominated by?

Answer 3

Philosophical Analysis in the first-person perspective
now we have? A wider set of approaches including

• philosophy
• psychology
• neuroscience
• cognitive scienece
• contemplative science

Question 4

what is the challenge for the combination of these approaches?

Answer 4

to give a comprehensive explanation of consciousness

• this would include
• benefits of consciousness
• subjective experiences
• how consciousness depends on biological environmental, social, cultural, and developmental factors

Question 5

Dualism-reductionist views

Answer 5

Dualism: mental and physical are different substances
reductionist: mental can be explained via descriptions of physical

Question 6

motion-induced blindness

Answer 6

bright discs completely vanish from your awareness in full attention

Question 7

what is the crucial ingredient of visual awareness

Answer 7

a reverberating reciprocal exchange of information between high -level visual areas and primary visual cortex appears to be essential

Question 8

cortical blindness

Answer 8

brain damage limited to primary visual cortex who claims not to see anything
–rr exchange of info cant take place between V5 and damaged primary visual cortex

Question 9

neural synchronization
communication among neural populations
is better when

Answer 9

oscillatory cycles of excitability are synchronized

Question 10

sharing of info among which regions of the cerebral cortex is important for awareness?

Answer 10

prefrontal inferior parietal in occipital regions

Question 11

shared info itself

Answer 11

constitutes consciousness, when the structure of shared info is complex,
organism has rich concious experinces and vice versa

Question 12

to promote a rich level of consciousness what would be needed?

Answer 12

mix of short medium and long range neuro connections

Question 13

episodic recollection

Answer 13

allows one to reexperince the past to virtually relive an earlier event

Question 14

Amnesia effects?

Spares memory that doesn’t involve?

Answer 14

declarative memory
(hard to remember)
conscious remembering
habits motor skills etc

Question 15

perceptual priming

Answer 15

reflects a fluency of processing produced by prior experience, even when the individual can not remember that prior experience

Question 16

storing memories depend on connections among?

Answer 16

multiple cortical regions (cebral cortex) and hippocampus.

Question 17

memory retrieval that does not include conscious recollection depends on?

Answer 17

restricted portions of the cortex or brain regions separate from the cortex

Question 18

body awareness

Answer 18

involves a region of the cortex known as
the temporoparietal junction
Danage to this region can generate? distorted body awareness

Question 19

we make decisions in two distinct ways

Answer 19

carefully analyze and weigh different factors taking full advantage of brains conscious mode or gut decision

Question 20

when is a conscious decision effective?

Answer 20

when there are few know factors to consider

Question 21

why do some scientists say conscious experiences cant be studied and what viewpoint do they follow

Answer 21

they are private and follow third person perceptively

Question 22

conscious experience

Answer 22

the first-person perspective of a mental event

such as feeling some sensory, a memory, an idea, an emotion, a mood, or a conscious temporal sequence of happenings

Question 23

contemplative science

Answer 23

research area concerned with understanding practices such as meditation can affect individuals, including changes in their behavior, their emotional relativity their cognitive ability, and their brains the first-person experience can be gained from this perspective

Question 24

first-person perspective

Answer 24

observations made by individuals about their own conscious experience also known as introspection or a subjective point of view

Question 25

Phenomenology refers to

Answer 25

the description and investigation of first-person observations