Social and cultural influences Flashcards
physical recreation
a physical activity or pastime that promotes health, relaxation and enjoyment
leisure time
time spent away from work and free from obligations
sport
an activity that involves physical exertion and skill, either a an individual or as part of a team competing
facilities
facilities and standard of facilities available affect the activities you take part in
Peer influences
peer groups share interests and backgrounds so can influence behaviour to do certain sports
where you live
climate of location and cultural activities you’re exposed to.
- ski jumping can only be done in snowy climates
social circumstances
some activities are expensive and not affordable for some
family influences
influence you to play their sport and encourage you to succeed
age and health
older people may choose less demanding activities such as bowling
interests
if you like being outdoors you’re most likely to want to compete in an outdoor sport
Factors that influence the growth in leisure activities
- advances in technology
- wider media coverage
- improvements in travel methods
- reduced cost of equipment
- more leisure activities
- increase in leisure time
- improvements in healthcare
- better awareness of health benefits
sports development
the promotion of sports activities for the community
sports development theory
- foundation
- participation
- performance
- elite
foundation
- consist of beginners and young people
- participation activities
- learning and developing basic skills
- school PE
participation
- taking part in organised sporting activities
- structured environment
- sports clubs
performance
- competitions more regular
- developing the level of performance towards elite level
- representing county and region
elite
- national squads
- governing bodies are responsible for performers development
- supports physically, mentally through coaching, medical and diet
- lifestyle to maintain high levels of fitness professional
sport development programmes
- raising awareness of the sport
- promoting its values
- improving access and removing barriers to taking part
sports development officer
a professional whose job is to identify and support a planned route for participants and performers through the four stages of the sports development pyramid
support needed for progress up the pyramid
- coaches and trainers
- facilities operators
- volunteers
- community groups
- local councils
- sports governing bodies
- policy makers
increase participation in sports
- ensure all sections of the community are aware of available activities
- promoting sport
- classes, coaches
- liaising with schools
age factor of access and participation in sport
young children - joints not fully developed cant do heavy weight training
old people - less strength, disease such as arthritis, poorer hearing and eyesight
gender factor of access and participation in sport
female - organisations restrict access for women e.g golf clubs
- sports not treated equally in finance and sponsorship
disability factor of access and participation in sport
- lack of facilities, equipment
- lack of parking for disabled
social factor of access and participation in sport
family - sport not affordable
school - may not provide right facilities
cultural factor of access and participation in sport
religion - holy days so cant participate
- women restricted by kit clothing
factors affecting participation in sport
- environment
- education
- family
- finance
- media
- role models
- time/work commitments
- discrimination
- access
sponsorship
support given to a sport, sports event or organisation by and outside body or person for the mutual benefit for both parties
sponsorship types
individual - sportswear, Nike, Christiano Ronaldo
team
Event - Wimbledon, Slazenger
benefits of sponsorship
sponsor - linked to success, can raise status and increase profit on products
performer - receive free clothing, don’t have to worry about money
sport - receives additional funding
audience and spectators - sponsor money used to improve facilities
negatives of sponsorship
- pressures from sponsors can lead to changing rules of the sport
- ticket prices increase
- Lance Armstrong bad image on sponsors
the role of media
inform - tells people news about current sport
educate - provides knowledge to the audience
advertise - publicising and advertising products and athletes to ring money into that sport
entertain - audience to enjoy their leisure time
print media
- published daily or weekly with sports sections
- articles on sport
- magazines and newspapers
Broadcast media
- radio and TV
- live coverage of up to date information
- sports specific stations
- listened to on the move
- pay to view channels with 24 hour coverage
Internet and social media
- allows access to print and broadcast media
- accessible and varied information
- fans access to video footage and information from individual athletes
- Facebook, Twitter and Instagram
ring-fenced sports events
sports events that the government prevents the television companies from charging to watch so everyone can watch for free
positive effects of the media
- coverage makes it easier to attract sponsorship
- viewers get a better view of action
- attendances increase
- increased money for pay
- performs become role models
- increases participation and interest on sports
negative effects of the media
- some sports get more exposure than others
- obsession with statistics rather than the skills of the sport
- attendances can drop because people can access it at home
- people don’t have access to certain pay to view events
- loss of privacy on performers
- become dependant on money brought by the media
advantages of hosting global competitions
training facilities - improved so people can use them after event
home advantage - more spectators cheering on home performers
national pride - create buzz for countries residents
tourism - more visitors spending money in country
economy - increased employment
infrastructure - offers long term benefits to local society
performers awards for competing at global events
- money
- rivalry
- celebrity
- recognition
- financial rewards
- friendships
- status
- pride
- representing country
disadvantages of hosting global competition
facilities - target for terrorists
home advantage - pressure on performers
pride - if home country performs bad it lowers countries feelings
tourism - pressure on facilities
economy - poor image if events poorly organised
infrastructure - huge financial cost needs lots of security
corruption
dishonest behaviour by people with power, bribery or altering information for their own gain
apartheid
official policy of racial segregation involving political legal and economic discrimination against non white people
boycott
refusing to take part in an events as a protests against a particular issue
amateur performer
- sort is a leisure activity
- take part for enjoyment
0 training is done in spare time - choose when to take part
professional performer
- sport is their job
- take part for the money
- winning is the main aim
- training and playing is their job in prime condition all the time
- they perform when and where they’re told to
Eric Moussambani
- represented Equatorial Guinea at the 200 Olympic games in Sydney
- learned to swim only 8 months before
- He won 100m freestyle
-He finished second in the semi-final
sportsmanship
upholding the spirit of the game by being honest playing by the rules and showing respect to ops
gamesmanship
seeking to gain an advantage in any way you can that is not against the rules which may be unfair to ops
impact of technology in sport
- how official organise events and make decisions
- how performers train for events and deliver their best performance
- how athletes perform are measured and recorded
- sports are enjoyed by spectators in the media
Technology examples
- Formula 1 cars and bikes are designed to be streamline and efficient
- clothing
- altitude tents to recreate living at altitude
- multisensor monitoring used for data analysis of performance
Technology investments
Ball-tracking - complex computer system to track ball and show its likely path
Infrared imaging system - in cricket to determine whether ball has hit bat of pads
Fully automatic time - timing a race using laser line at finish
Goal-line tech - determine whether football has crossed goal line
Laser measurement - produce accurate measurements for field events
