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APE > Social and cultural influences > Flashcards

Social and cultural influences Flashcards

1
Q

physical recreation

A

a physical activity or pastime that promotes health, relaxation and enjoyment

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2
Q

leisure time

A

time spent away from work and free from obligations

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3
Q

sport

A

an activity that involves physical exertion and skill, either a an individual or as part of a team competing

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4
Q

facilities

A

facilities and standard of facilities available affect the activities you take part in

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5
Q

Peer influences

A

peer groups share interests and backgrounds so can influence behaviour to do certain sports

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6
Q

where you live

A

climate of location and cultural activities you’re exposed to.
- ski jumping can only be done in snowy climates

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7
Q

social circumstances

A

some activities are expensive and not affordable for some

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8
Q

family influences

A

influence you to play their sport and encourage you to succeed

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9
Q

age and health

A

older people may choose less demanding activities such as bowling

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10
Q

interests

A

if you like being outdoors you’re most likely to want to compete in an outdoor sport

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11
Q

Factors that influence the growth in leisure activities

A
  • advances in technology
  • wider media coverage
  • improvements in travel methods
  • reduced cost of equipment
  • more leisure activities
  • increase in leisure time
  • improvements in healthcare
  • better awareness of health benefits
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12
Q

sports development

A

the promotion of sports activities for the community

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13
Q

sports development theory

A
  • foundation
  • participation
  • performance
  • elite
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14
Q

foundation

A
  • consist of beginners and young people
  • participation activities
  • learning and developing basic skills
  • school PE
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15
Q

participation

A
  • taking part in organised sporting activities
  • structured environment
  • sports clubs
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16
Q

performance

A
  • competitions more regular
  • developing the level of performance towards elite level
  • representing county and region
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17
Q

elite

A
  • national squads
  • governing bodies are responsible for performers development
  • supports physically, mentally through coaching, medical and diet
  • lifestyle to maintain high levels of fitness professional
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18
Q

sport development programmes

A
  • raising awareness of the sport
  • promoting its values
  • improving access and removing barriers to taking part
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19
Q

sports development officer

A

a professional whose job is to identify and support a planned route for participants and performers through the four stages of the sports development pyramid

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20
Q

support needed for progress up the pyramid

A
  • coaches and trainers
  • facilities operators
  • volunteers
  • community groups
  • local councils
  • sports governing bodies
  • policy makers
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21
Q

increase participation in sports

A
  • ensure all sections of the community are aware of available activities
  • promoting sport
  • classes, coaches
  • liaising with schools
22
Q

age factor of access and participation in sport

A

young children - joints not fully developed cant do heavy weight training
old people - less strength, disease such as arthritis, poorer hearing and eyesight

23
Q

gender factor of access and participation in sport

A

female - organisations restrict access for women e.g golf clubs
- sports not treated equally in finance and sponsorship

24
Q

disability factor of access and participation in sport

A
  • lack of facilities, equipment
  • lack of parking for disabled
25
Q

social factor of access and participation in sport

A

family - sport not affordable
school - may not provide right facilities

26
Q

cultural factor of access and participation in sport

A

religion - holy days so cant participate
- women restricted by kit clothing

27
Q

factors affecting participation in sport

A
  • environment
  • education
  • family
  • finance
  • media
  • role models
  • time/work commitments
  • discrimination
  • access
28
Q

sponsorship

A

support given to a sport, sports event or organisation by and outside body or person for the mutual benefit for both parties

29
Q

sponsorship types

A

individual - sportswear, Nike, Christiano Ronaldo
team
Event - Wimbledon, Slazenger

30
Q

benefits of sponsorship

A

sponsor - linked to success, can raise status and increase profit on products
performer - receive free clothing, don’t have to worry about money
sport - receives additional funding
audience and spectators - sponsor money used to improve facilities

31
Q

negatives of sponsorship

A
  • pressures from sponsors can lead to changing rules of the sport
  • ticket prices increase
  • Lance Armstrong bad image on sponsors
32
Q

the role of media

A

inform - tells people news about current sport
educate - provides knowledge to the audience
advertise - publicising and advertising products and athletes to ring money into that sport
entertain - audience to enjoy their leisure time

33
Q

print media

A
  • published daily or weekly with sports sections
  • articles on sport
  • magazines and newspapers
34
Q

Broadcast media

A
  • radio and TV
  • live coverage of up to date information
  • sports specific stations
  • listened to on the move
  • pay to view channels with 24 hour coverage
35
Q

Internet and social media

A
  • allows access to print and broadcast media
  • accessible and varied information
  • fans access to video footage and information from individual athletes
  • Facebook, Twitter and Instagram
36
Q

ring-fenced sports events

A

sports events that the government prevents the television companies from charging to watch so everyone can watch for free

37
Q

positive effects of the media

A
  • coverage makes it easier to attract sponsorship
  • viewers get a better view of action
  • attendances increase
  • increased money for pay
  • performs become role models
  • increases participation and interest on sports
38
Q

negative effects of the media

A
  • some sports get more exposure than others
  • obsession with statistics rather than the skills of the sport
  • attendances can drop because people can access it at home
  • people don’t have access to certain pay to view events
  • loss of privacy on performers
  • become dependant on money brought by the media
39
Q

advantages of hosting global competitions

A

training facilities - improved so people can use them after event
home advantage - more spectators cheering on home performers
national pride - create buzz for countries residents
tourism - more visitors spending money in country
economy - increased employment
infrastructure - offers long term benefits to local society

40
Q

performers awards for competing at global events

A
  • money
  • rivalry
  • celebrity
  • recognition
  • financial rewards
  • friendships
  • status
  • pride
  • representing country
41
Q

disadvantages of hosting global competition

A

facilities - target for terrorists
home advantage - pressure on performers
pride - if home country performs bad it lowers countries feelings
tourism - pressure on facilities
economy - poor image if events poorly organised
infrastructure - huge financial cost needs lots of security

42
Q

corruption

A

dishonest behaviour by people with power, bribery or altering information for their own gain

43
Q

apartheid

A

official policy of racial segregation involving political legal and economic discrimination against non white people

44
Q

boycott

A

refusing to take part in an events as a protests against a particular issue

45
Q

amateur performer

A
  • sort is a leisure activity
  • take part for enjoyment
    0 training is done in spare time
  • choose when to take part
46
Q

professional performer

A
  • sport is their job
  • take part for the money
  • winning is the main aim
  • training and playing is their job in prime condition all the time
  • they perform when and where they’re told to
47
Q

Eric Moussambani

A
  • represented Equatorial Guinea at the 200 Olympic games in Sydney
  • learned to swim only 8 months before
  • He won 100m freestyle
    -He finished second in the semi-final
48
Q

sportsmanship

A

upholding the spirit of the game by being honest playing by the rules and showing respect to ops

49
Q

gamesmanship

A

seeking to gain an advantage in any way you can that is not against the rules which may be unfair to ops

50
Q

impact of technology in sport

A
  • how official organise events and make decisions
  • how performers train for events and deliver their best performance
  • how athletes perform are measured and recorded
  • sports are enjoyed by spectators in the media
51
Q

Technology examples

A
  • Formula 1 cars and bikes are designed to be streamline and efficient
  • clothing
  • altitude tents to recreate living at altitude
  • multisensor monitoring used for data analysis of performance
52
Q

Technology investments

A

Ball-tracking - complex computer system to track ball and show its likely path
Infrared imaging system - in cricket to determine whether ball has hit bat of pads
Fully automatic time - timing a race using laser line at finish
Goal-line tech - determine whether football has crossed goal line
Laser measurement - produce accurate measurements for field events

APE (11 decks)

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