Psychology

Question 1

goal

Answer 1

a desired aim or outcome; something that you are trying to achieve

Question 2

specific

Answer 2

• make target specific
• ‘I must run 30m in under 4s’

Question 3

Measurable

Answer 3

• You can measure if you have achieved it or not
• a challenge and achievable in order to make progress

Question 4

Realistic

Answer 4

• A goal that’s too difficult will demotivate you
• don’t make the target unrealistic

Question 5

Time phased

Answer 5

• Goals should be planned ahead to give direction over a period of time
• goal for the next week/month/year

Question 6

Exciting

Answer 6

• Exciting challanges will prevent you from getting bored

Question 7

Recorded

Answer 7

• Goals should be written down, so you know what you are aiming for

Question 8

motivation

Answer 8

the desire required to be successful; a driving force that makes you do something and decide how much effort to put in

Question 9

motivation can be seen by:

Answer 9

• the amount of effort we put into a task
• how well we direct and focus our effort
• how long we stick to a a task
• what we a willing to give up and sacrifice for success

Question 10

intrinsic motivation

Answer 10

motivation that comes from simply doing the activity itself, rather than to gain external rewards or prizes

Question 11

extrinsic motivation

Answer 11

motivating forces that come from outside the person and the activity, such as prizes, trophies and praise from others

Question 12

incentive

Answer 12

something that motivates or encourages someone to do something

Question 13

intrinsic

Answer 13

• doing the sport for its own sake
• feelings of satisfaction
• improved fitness
• social rewards

Question 14

extrinsic

Answer 14

• praise from friends/family
• money/prize awards
• desire for public attention
• search for sponsorship

Question 15

factors that motivate intrinsic

Answer 15

• coach must ensure sessions remain enjoyable so you will continue to play

Question 16

factors that motivate extrinsic

Answer 16

• coaches set goals on achieving awards
• encourage competitiveness

Question 17

Arousal

Answer 17

an increased level of mental excitement and alertness; the state of being excited, keen and mentally and physically ready to perform a task

Question 18

symptoms of physical arousal

Answer 18

• dry mouth
• increased breathing
• increased heart rate
• nausea
• sweaty palms
• tremor

Question 19

optimum point of arousal

Answer 19

• phycologists Yerkes and Dodson (1908) identified that there is an optimum point of arousal that will enable us to perform at our best

Question 20

optimum arousal depends on:

Answer 20

• the nature of the task- how much pressure is applied
• the skill of the performer - their ability
• the personality of the performer

Question 21

arousal levels too low

Answer 21

• you will not be excited or focused enough to perform at required level
• fine motor skills require low levels of arousal to perform well

Question 22

arousal level too high

Answer 22

• you feel anxious, nervous or stressed
• could fear the opposition
• may make mistakes or not give best performance

Question 23

anxiety

Answer 23

a performers negative reaction to stress, causing them to feel worried, nervous or apprehensive

Question 24

fears and worries can be to do with:

Answer 24

• uncertainty
• pressure
• effect on self esteem
• fear or harm
• frustration

Question 25

cognitive anxiety

Answer 25

the mental symptoms that a performer feels, such as fear, worry and doubt; can occur if the performer is in a state of under-arousal or over-arousal

Question 26

somatic anxiety

Answer 26

the physical signs of anxiety

Question 27

adrenaline

Answer 27

adrenal glands release hormone called adrenalin into the bloodstream: - increases heart rate - increases respiration - muscle tenses

Question 28

mental rehearsal

Answer 28

running through a skill, sequence or event in your mind, in detail, using all your senses

Question 29

visualisation

Answer 29

seeing the best positive outcome for the skill you are about to perform

Question 30

deep breathing

Answer 30

a learned way of breathing in a deep, calm and focused way to promote relaxation as well as physical well-being

Question 31

deep breathing allows a performer to:

Answer 31

- improve stamina by increasing the efficiency of their oxygen intake - encourage correct breathing during exercise - lower adrenalin amounts released to prevent heart rate from rising

Question 32

introvert

Answer 32

a quiet, shy, reversed personality type; associated with individual sports

Question 33

extrovert

Answer 33

a sociable, lively, optimistic, outgoing personality type; more associated with team sports

Question 34

introvert factors

Answer 34

- excel at fine movement skills - perform better with low levels of arousal - practice alone - dislike contact sports

Question 35

extrovert factors

Answer 35

- sociable - prefer team sports - bored alone - activities with lower levels of concentration - sports with higher levels of arousal - enjoy contact sports

Question 36

introvert examples

Answer 36

- archery - swimming - Gymnastics

Question 37

extrovert examples

Answer 37

- rugby - hockey - football

Question 38

trait theory

Answer 38

the idea that people are born with certain inherited characteristics

Question 39

social learning theory

Answer 39

theory that behaviour is learned in a social context, through observation or direct instruction

Question 40

interactionist theory

Answer 40

idea that behaviour, beliefs and values are developed through individual and small group interactions