Circulatory System

Question 1

Circulatory system

Answer 1

Transport system consisting of the lungs, heart, blood vessels and blood.

It provides oxygen and nutrients via oxygenated blood and removes waste products and carbon dioxide via deoxygenated blood.

Question 2

Pathway of blood

Answer 2

The heart pumps oxygenated blood to each part of the body. Deoxygenated blood returns from the body to the heart. It then travels through the heart to the lungs where CO2 is exchanged for oxygenated blood.

Question 3

Components of blood

Answer 3

• red blood cells
• white blood cells
• plasma
• platelets

Question 4

Plasma

Answer 4

Transports nutrients, hormones and proteins around the body .
Consists of water to allow substances and nutrients to dissolve and be transported easily.

Question 5

Red blood cells

Answer 5

Transports oxygen and CO2 around the body.
Contains haemoglobin which reacts with oxygen from the lungs to form oxyhemoglobin to travel to working muscles.
No nucleus so more room for carrying oxygen
Large surface area

Question 6

White blood cells

Answer 6

Helps to fight infections
These help defend the body against pathogens by engulfing them or creating antibodies to attack them.

Question 7

Platelets

Answer 7

Helps with blood clotting to prevent blood loss during injury.
Contains an enzyme which causes blood to clot when there is damage to blood vessels.

Question 8

Haemoglobin

Answer 8

Dark red chemical responsible for transporting oxygen in the body.
Reacts with oxygen to form oxyhemoglobin resulting in oxygenated blood.

Question 9

Blood vessels

Answer 9

Arteries
Veins
Capillaries

Question 10

Artery

Answer 10

Muscular, elastic tubes that transport oxygenated blood away the heart.
Small internal lumen
Thick wall

Question 11

Vein

Answer 11

Carry deoxygenated blood
Thin wall for blood at low pressure
Larger internal lumen
Carry blood to the heart
Valves prevent back flow of blood

Question 12

Capillary

Answer 12

Tiny blood vessels that form networks through the body’s tissues.
Walks are one cell thick, allowing substances to pass in and out of cells
Small lumen diffusion of gases and nutrients.

Question 13

Heart rate

Answer 13

• Measures hearts bpm when the ventricles are contracting.
• resting hr is 50-90 for teen and 60-80bpm for adult

Question 14

max heart rate

Answer 14

max = 220 - your age

Question 15

stroke volume

Answer 15

The volume of blood pumped out of the heart by each ventricle in one beat.

Question 16

Hypertrophy

Answer 16

regular exercise will cause hypertrophy, so the hearts more efficient and more blood is pumped out due to stronger contractions

Question 17

cardiac output

Answer 17

The amount of blood expelled from the heart in each minute (l/m)

cardiac output = stroke volume x heart rate