soc 15- Structure Of The Heart Flashcards
cardio respiratory system
the interaction of the heart and lungs to supply oxygen to muscles during exercise
cardiovascular
To do with the heart,blood and blodd vessels together
Vasodilation
When veins swell or dilate widening of the internal diameter of the blodd vessel to allow increased blood flow
Vasoconstriction
When veins shrink down narrowing of the internal diameter of the blodd vessel to decrease blood flow
3 main functions of the cardiovascular system
It helps clot bood
It controls the body’s temperature
Transports oxygen, carbon dioxide and nutrients
What are main characteristics of the arteries
Arteries take blood away from the heart Arteries have thick walls and are more elastic than veins as they carry blood which is at a higher pressure than veins as they carry oxygenated blood The channel the blood flows through, called the lumen, can widen to allow more
blood through when you so that it can reach the working muscles The pulmonary artery is different from other arteries as it carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
Veins
Veins carry blood into the heart Veins have much thinner walls, are less elastic and carry blood at a lower pressure Veins contain many valves which helps deoxygenated blood flow to the heart The pulmonary vein is different to other veins as it carries oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart
What are the main characteristics of the capillaries
Capillaries are microscopic vessels - just one cell thick At one end, capillaries carry oxygenated blood which transfers oxygen and nutrients to the muscles At the other end, they carry deoxygenated blood into the veins, picking up waste products and taking them around the body to dispose of them Capillaries are where gaseous exchange takes place
Vascular shunting
Your muscles need more blood for movement and so move away from the organs to the muscles The process is called vascular shunting Your heart starts to beat faster and your blood vessels constrict into order to divert the blood to the muscles Your reflexes get faster and your muscles may tense up
What is the role of the pulmonray vein
Brings oxygenated blood from the lungs
what is the role of the pulmonary artery
Takes blood from the heart to the lungs
What is the role of the vena cava
Deoxygenated blood from the body
What is the role of the aorta
Oxygenated blood to the body
What is the importance of red blood cells
Red blood cells transport oxygen from the lungs to the body’s cells, and carbon dioxide from the cells to the lungs they contain haemoglobin, which stores oxygen and carbon dioxide This is important to a long distance runner as their working muscles require more oxygen when running.
What is the importance of white blood cells
The blood also contains transparent cells called white blood cells
They have an important function as the defence system of the body
They produce antibodies to fight against infection and diseases
If an athlete has a disease or infection they may not be able to train/perform.
