Soc 14 Flashcards
What are slow twitch muscle fibers also known as?
Type I fibers
Slow twitch fibers are suited for endurance activities.
What is the primary function of slow twitch (type I) muscle fibers?
They can work for long periods of time
Ideal for endurance activities
Why are slow twitch fibers darker in color?
They contain Myoglobin, a red pigment that transports oxygen to the working muscles
Myoglobin’s presence contributes to the fiber’s ability to sustain activity.
What are fast twitch muscle fibers also known as?
Type II fibers
Fast twitch fibers are further divided into Type IIa and Type IIx.
What distinguishes Type IIa fast twitch fibers?
They are used in anaerobic work and can be improved through endurance training
Type IIa fibers increase their resistance to fatigue.
What is a characteristic of Type IIx fast twitch fibers?
They can generate more power than other muscle fibers but fatigue quickly
Type IIx fibers are used in short bursts of intense activity.
What type of events are Type II fibers suited for?
Speed events, such as sprinting or jumping
Both Type IIa and Type IIx fibers are utilized in these activities.
Why are fast twitch fibers lighter in color?
They don’t use oxygen for energy
This lack of reliance on oxygen contributes to their quicker fatigue.
What is cartilage?
A firm, connective tissue.
Cartilage provides support and flexibility in various parts of the body.
What is ossification?
The process of development from cartilage to bone.
Ossification is essential for bone growth and repair.
What does somatotype refer to?
Body shape or type.
Somatotypes categorize individuals based on body composition.
What is glycogen?
The stored form of carbohydrate primarily located in the muscles and liver and readily available as an energy source.
Glycogen is crucial for energy during physical activities.
What is rotation in terms of movement?
Movement around a single axis or pivot point.
Rotation is essential in many joint movements.
What is a ligament?
Strong flexible connective tissue that connects bone to other bones.
Ligaments provide stability to joints.
What is a tendon?
Fibrous tissues that join bone to muscle.
Tendons transmit the force generated by muscles to bones.
What is flexion?
A bending movement that decreases the angle between body parts.
Flexion is commonly observed at joints like the elbow and knee.
What is extension?
A straightening movement that increases the angle between body parts.
Extension is the opposite of flexion.
What is dorsi-flexion?
Bending or flexing the toes upwards, bringing them closer to the shin.
Dorsi-flexion is important for walking and balance.
What is plantar-flexion?
Extending or pointing the toes down, away from the shin.
Plantar-flexion is crucial for activities like running and jumping.
What is adduction?
A movement that pulls towards the midline of the body.
Adduction is seen in movements like bringing arms down to the sides.
What is abduction?
A movement that pulls away from the midline of the body.
Abduction is the opposite of adduction.
What is circumduction?
Moving a part of the body in a circular or conical shape.
Circumduction combines flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction.
What are voluntary muscles?
Muscles under your control.
Voluntary muscles are responsible for movements like walking or lifting.
