Soc 12:the Skeletal System And Soc 13 Flashcards
What is the skeletal system
The skeletal system includes all of the bones and joints in the body. Each bone is a complex living organ that is made up of many cells, protein fibers, and minerals.
The 5 functions of the skeletal system
1.protection of the vital organs
2.muscle attachment
3.joints for movements
4.storing calcium and phosphorus
5.red and white blood cell production
What is protection of vital organs
Staying safe is important in sport and the skeleton play a key role. E.g. the skull protects the brain and the ribs protect the internal organs, including the heart.
What is muscle attatchment
The muscles you use in sport need strong points to attach to and bones provide that framework.
Muscles are attached to bones by tendons.
What is joints for movements
Joints allow the body to make a variety of movements. Some are small movements, like getting a grip of a javelin and larger ones, such as throwing a javelin.
What is storing calcium and phosphorus
The bones act as a store for calcium and phosphorus, two minerals that are vital for developing and maintaining the strong and healthy bones you need for exercise. The best sources for both minerals are milk, cheese and yoghurt. Phosphorus helps to reduce muscle pain after exercise.
What is red and white blood cell production
When the oxygen content drops, or the number or red blood cells goes down, your bone marrow makes more red blood cells; if you have an inf 5 of 26, it makes more white blood cells.
4 type of bones
1.Long bones - generate movement (leavers)/ strength
2.Short bones - weight-bearing
3.Irregular - protection/ generate movement
4.Flat bones - protect vital organs/ muscle attachment
What is long bones
Long bones are longer than they are wide. They don’t have to be big, small bones like finger bones (phalanges) count as long bones. A long bone has a shaft and two ends.
Long bones in sport
These bones are vital to generate movement, strength and speed. They usually act as levers. When they are pulled by different muscles, they enable the body to move.
What is short bones
Short bones are generally the same size in length, width and thickness. The only short bones in the body are the carpals (cuffs) in the wrist and the tarsals (toes) in the foot.
Short bones in sport
Short bones are usually associated with weight baring, shock absorption and spreading loads. They play a key role in activities like jogging, playing tennis or dancing.
What is flat bones
Flat bones usually protect organs or offer a good surface for muscles to attach to. For example, the ribs protect the heart and lungs, while the broad scapula has three muscles attached to it. Other flat bones are; scapula, cranium and clavicle.
Flat bones in sport
Flat bones protect your organs in contact sports and provide attachment for muscles to help movement.
What is irregular bones
Irregular bones have odd shapes and vary in function. An example is the vertebrae which help protects the spinal column and the sacrum which has lots of attachment points.
Irregular bones in sport
Irregular bones offer protection when playing sport, they tend to form specific functions for example the first and second vertebrae allow the head to turn and nod.
What is the bone of the base of your neck
Clavicle
What bone is located at the centre and front of your chest
Sternum
What bones is located is the ring of bones between the hips
Pelvis
What bone is located in your forearm
Radius
What bone is located in one of two bones in your forearm
Ulna
What bone is located in the forefoot
Tarsals
What bone is located in the midfoot
Metatarsals
What bone is located in the forefoot between the tarsals
Phalanges
What bone is located in your upper arm
Humerus
What bone is located in the cage of the thorax
Rib
What bone is located in your thigh
Femur
What bone is located in the front of your knee
Patella
What bone is located in the brain
Cranium
What bone is located in your spine
Vertebrae
What bone is located in the bones of the wrist
Carpals
What bone is located in the wrist and the finger bones
Metacarpals
What bone is located in your shoulder joint
Scapula
What bone is located in the lower leg
Tibia
What bone is located in the calf bone
Fibula
What is flexion
Bending movement that decreases the angle between body parts
Joints that provide flexion
Shoulder,hip and elbow
Flexion examples in sports
Someone working out in the gym bends their arm up when doing a bicep curl
What is extension
Straightening movement that increases the angle between body parts
Joints that provide extension
Shoulder,hip
Extension examples in sport
A swimmer swings their arm backwards in preparation for a racing dive
What is adduction
Movement that pulls towards the midline of the body
Joints that provide adduction
Shoulder and hip
Adduction examples in sport
A golfer on the tee swings the club down towards the ball
What is abduction
Movement that pulls away from the midline of the body
Joints that provide abduction
Shoulder and hip
Abduction examples in sport
A gymnast moves their arms out sideways of the shoulder when performing the crucifix on the rings
What is rotation
Movement around a single axis or pivot point
Joints that provide rotation
Shoulder and hip
Rotation examples in sport
When a tennis player serves
What is circumduction
Moving in a circular or conical shape
Joints that provide circumduction
Shoulder and hip
Circumduction examples in sport
A cricketer bowls a ball
What is dorsi-flexion
Bending or flexing the toes up,closer to the shin
Joints that provide dorsi-flexion
Ankle
Dorsi-flexion examples in sport
A sprinter positions their feet in the starting blocks
What is pantar-flexion
Extending or pointing the toes down,away from the shin
Joints that provide pantar-flexion
Ankle
Pantar-flexion examples in sport
A floor gymnast points their toes
