Smoking

Question 1

What is the difference between sidestream and mainstream smoke? Which one is worse? Mention the effects on children and fetuses.

Answer 1

Sidestream - smoke coming out of the buring end

—-> has more dangerous effects since there is no filter

Mainstream - smoke coming through the filter

—–> less risky than sidestream

Question 2

These studies are saying that because of the many compounds involved in smoking there is not yet enough evidence to get a complete picture of the full effects that smoking has. What did this paper suggest to improve results and conclusions for future studies?

Answer 2

As of now, it relies on global and non-specific data from places like the MMSE.

1) measure puff volume and rate, and biomarkers

2) Make more specific measurements on how nicotine interacts with:
- working memory
- alcohol addictions
- depression
- Genetics could make someone more susceptible to worse outcomes from nic

3) Examine the synergy between clinical nicotine and genetic variation pathways involved in human cognition

Question 3

Name the 3 body systems that nicotine is known to affect the most.

Answer 3

1. breathing / cardio-vascular /
2. heart / pulmonary
3. brain / cerebro-vascular / AD

Question 4

How is nic related to Alziemhers

Answer 4

in the long run AD patients are exposed to oxidative stress and can make things worse

in the short term, nic can help with the cognition of AD

Question 5

What did the animal models find out about the oxidative stress effects that nicotine has? And what results from increased oxidative stress on the body from nicotine?

Answer 5

Nic → oxidative stress → (brain + cardio) → (dementia + atherosclerosis)