Smattering from Midterm1 Flashcards
Papal Urban Projects from the combined power and money of 7 pilgrimage churches
The churches include the four patriarchal basilicas:
St. Peter’s Basilica
Basilica of St. John Lateran
Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls
Santa Maria Maggiore
They also include three minor basilicas:
San Lorenzo fuori le mura
Santa Croce in Gerusalemme
Santuario della Madonna del Divino Amore
Mughal Emperor (and founder) Babur (1483-1530) supervising the installation of his garden.
Belvedere, Vatican, Rome - Donato Bramante, architect, precedent/prototype: Temple of Fortuna, Preaneste
1503 - 1513 Pope Julius II (patron)
Boboli Gardens, Florence, 1550
Villa Urbana; Walled garden on the OtraArno. Horses Procession (reversal of movement) splitting + rejoining and comming down a hill - Garden designed to acomodate formal ceremonies + cavalcade of horses
Canopus, Hadrian’s Villa
118-138 AD, near Tivoli
Hypostyle!!! (I had it misspelled!), Cordoba
Court of the Myrtles
Alhambra Palace
Nasrid Dynasty (1232-1492)
Granada, Spain (al-Andalus)
Court of the Lions
Alhambra Palace
Nasrid Dynasty (1232-1492)
Granada, Spain (al-Andalus)
Mezquita and Court of the Orange Trees
Cordoba, Spain (al-Andalus)
976 AD
Emir Abd al-Rahman
Moorish
Built on top of Christian city on top of Roman ruins (1st c. Roman temple became 5th c. Christian Church became 7th c. 1/2 church 1/2 mosque became 784 new mosque became 1236 Christian cathedral inside mosque)
Garden of Palazzo Piccolomini. Pienza, Italy. 1459.
Walled garden not seen from the outside but can see the outside domain. Garden can be viewed from above.
Generalife
Alhambra Palace
Nasrid Dynasty (1232-1492)
Granada, Spain (al-Andalus)
Villa Hadriana, near Tivoli, 120-130AD
Roman Emperor Hadrian
Emperor traveled a lot - people believe the villa a museum of buildings from around the world
Maritime Theatre (pictured)
(Cardinal Ippolito II d’Este had much of the marble and statues in Hadrian’s Villa removed to decorate his own Villa d’Este located nearby.)
The Ideal City, Pietro della Francesca, 1470
Sforzinda, the Ideal City, Pietro Averlino (Filarete), circa 1469
Pienza, Italy: Piazza, Palace, Garden, and Church.
Rebuilt by Bernardo Rossollino for Pope Pius (Piccolomini) using model of Ideal City and proportions. Grid carefully calculated.
Shalamar Bagh
Lake Dal, Kashmir, India
Imperial Palace of Emperor Jahangir
1620
Mughal
Shalamar Bagh - 1620 - Lake Dal, Kashmir, India
Imperial palace of Emperor Jahangir. Strong axis, bi-lateral symmetry, terraced, water causeway along center, dramatic falls at level changes. Throne room was potent symbolism - water flows out of the room and emperor symbollically the master of water.
Villa Adriana
in Tibur (Tivoli)
built for emperor Hadrian
second and third decades of the 2nd century AD
important fetures: pool- canopus
grooto- serpeum
maritimetheather
Nymphaeum at Villa Barbaro (di Maser) in Veneto part of Italy
1558 AD
Villa Barbaro (Maser), Andrea Palladio
1558 - 1560 AD
Has nymphaeum in back
Villa D’Este, 1560 - 1572
Cardinal D’Este, Patron // Pirro Ligorio, Architect
ENORMOUS quantity of water; very steep; sequence: meant to move from base/town thru layers of flat landscapes
Sight lines to Rome along axis. Demonstration of power or desire for power.
Villa Emo, Andrea Palladio. Sits in Centuriated Fields (organization of the agricultural land). Claims vistas (1.8miles)
1559 AD
View from Villa Emo
1559
sightlines for 1.8 miles
Villa Farnese at Caprarola, 1550-1573
Cardinal Alessandro Farnese II, patron
Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola, architect
Sequence of Approach: Enter through woody Bosco/Allee then arrive at beautiful display of water and CATENA (maybe first ever and the distinctive feature)
Villa Farnese at Caprarola, 1550-1573
Cardinal Alessandro Farnese II, patron
Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola, architect
Water supplied by aqueduct. Sequence of approach: walk through woody Bosco/Allee then arrive at Catena.
Villa Giulia,
North of Rome, East of Tibur River, tucked in a valley
Pope Julius III 1550-55
series of hemicycles seperated by Renaissance facades. Contains a Nymphaeum in lower level - meant to recall a sacred space
Villa Lante
1563 - 1573
Cardinal Gambara (owner)
Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola, with Tommaso Ghinucci, hydraulic engineer
Villa Lante
1563 - 1573 AD
Cardinal Gambara (Owner)
Villa Medici a Fiesole
1451 -1457
Villa Medici a Fiesole, 1451-57, a villa suburbana - for entertainment.
Michelangelo Michelozzi, architect.
Designed acording to the principles laid out by Alberti (in the Ten Books on Architecture, 1450).
Famous for hanging gardens (i.e. Babylon) -> steep sloped site that is built with a retaining wall. Terracing for luxury.
Villa Medici di Castello, Cosimo I de’ Medici (patron), begun in 1537. 1st known garden designed to an allegorical program.
Hercules (Cosimo) vs Antaeus (Florence) He controls the city
Villa Madama, Veneto (outside Venice), ~1513-1528
Pope Leo X & Pope Clement VII // Donato Bramante, architect; Antonio de Sangallo
Nishat Bagh Axon, 1620 AD, Lake Dal, Kashmir, India
attributed to Asaf Khan
12 sections of garden: pleasure garden and women’s garden (Zenana). 12 terraces, one for each zodiac
Ram Bagh
Yamuna River, Agra, India
Emperor Babur
1528
Mughal
Taj Mahal, 1632-1654
Yamuna River, Agra, India
Tomb of Mumtaz Mahal, built by Emperor Shah Jahan, Mughal
“haud al kausar” Tank of abundance (simple square basin) where Muhummad will meet Allah.
