English Gardens London

Question 1

Answer 1

Haddon Hall - Historical Context… Medieval Manor House

courtyards gravelled not decorative

fortified wall - level site - sits on terraced hill

castelated walls

Question 2

Answer 2

Haddon Hall

1070-1624 AD

Tudor England

Derbyshire, England

fortified medieval manor, knot garden

Question 3

Answer 3

knot garden- ornamental shrub or herb in continuous stripe, gives sense of unity, recalled eternity, symbollic for extending family line

Question 4

Dissolution of Catholic Monasteries

Answer 4

1536-41

King Henry VIII breaks with the Catholic Church to divorce wife, names himself Supreme head of Church of England, 1534

Disbanded and seized wealth of monasteries - given/sold to wealthy nobles including entire villages, manor houses, ag fields, etc

Question 5

Answer 5

Hampton Court (“British Versailles”) *at this time, English Gardens emulate France

established by Henry VIII, 1525; –> tilting grounds, observation towers, 16 sundials

expanded by Charles I, 1638; Andre Mollet (arch) -> goosefoot, seen first in Piazza del Popolo in Rome

restored by Charles II, 1660

John Evelyn (1620‐1705)

Question 6

Answer 6

Hampton Court (“British Versailles”)

established by Henry VIII, 1525;

expanded by Charles I, 1638;

restored by Charles II, 1660

John Evelyn (1620‐1705)

Question 7

Answer 7

privy garden @ Hampton Court

formal parterre looking at Thames, lowered 10’ to preserve William’s view from palace (like in Versailles)

modified 1699-1702 by Christopher Wren

embroidered parterre

Question 8

Enclosure Movement

Answer 8

1700-1834

Critical to relationship of people to land

Taken over and privatized land commonly used (not commonly owned)

divisions of land from furlongs and patterns of communal use ‘hardened’ into parcels as sold

very little common land left

Question 9

Answer 9

Wilton House Garden, 1632-6 (first iteration)

*English Renaissance Garden (Tudor Garden)

Wiltshire, England

Isaac de Caus and James Watt (final iteration)

4th Earl of Pembroke (client)

classical Tudor garden with parterre squares

Question 10

Answer 10

Castle Howard, Wray Wood, 1714-1718

Stephen Switzer (1682-1745)

Early project, famous garden

New naturalistic planting of shrubs near archetecture, approach at oblique angle, sitting close to forest (Wray Wood: “a fair young wood”)

Question 11

Answer 11

Gentleman’s Grand Tour

capitalize on relative peace, romanticize antiquity, picturesque, bring back curiosities, like Hadrian

young men between 1660 until about 1840

Italy often final destination

Question 12

Answer 12

Claude Lorrain (1600-1682) famous landscape painter

* epitome of what landscapes should look like

things to look for to indentify: classical ruin, some sort of god, beautiful trees

He was the #1 to emulate/procure

Question 13

Answer 13

Covent Garden, 1627 (begun)

London, England

Francis Russel (client)

Inigo Jones (architect)

new square typology in London, first modern, open square dominated by St. Paul’s Church and three terraced buildings, former walled garden; Place Royale, Paris precedent 1602-12

Question 14

Answer 14

Leicester Square

1630-1670s

London, England,

Lord Leicester

four square plaza with gates on either end, one of the many residential squares built in London’s West End along with high end residences, statue at center. looks like chahar bagh. square carried into new world planning

Question 15

Answer 15

St. James Square

1665-1720

London, England

Henry Jermyn, 1st Earl of Albans

private garden at the center, surrounded by georgian style wealthy homes, statue at center

Question 16

Answer 16

King’s (Soho) Square

1679-1722

London, England

Richard Frith and William Pym

private garden at center of square with statue, surrounded by fashionable wealthy housing