English Gardens 2

Question 1

Answer 1

Grand Tour

English Gentlemen travel the continent - have to cross the Alps

prolific sketchbooks - noting alongside terror, feeling of the sublime

Question 2

Answer 2

Rousham, Oxfordshire, 1738,

William Kent (1685-1748);

with original gardens by Bridgeman;

Praised by Walpole in “On Modern Gardening,”

Phase I English Garden Design

Serpentine sloping line, naturalistic beautiful style, later Willian kent redesigns in garden to augustan style/romantic style ( ie follies, gothic ruin, roman temple).

Question 3

Answer 3

Rousham, Oxfordshire, 1738

Bridgeman then Kent

Follies: gothic ruin, old mill, Roman temple, reproductions / recreations of England’s own style

statue of lion attacking horse is copied from Villa D’Este

Question 4

Answer 4

Rousham Ha-ha

allows productive land next to ornamental while retaining seamless view

Question 5

Answer 5

Stourhead, Wiltshire, 1730‐60

Henry Hoare II;

Phase I English Garden

man made lake, allegorical garden (augustan age). follow path of allegorical circuit ( temple of flora, underground grotto, pantheron, arch, temple of apollo, mansion) Full Cycle of Life

Question 6

Answer 6

Stourhead, Wiltshire, 1730-1760, Henry Hoare

Iconographic Program:

Bristol Cross, Stone Bridge, Paradise Well, Doric Temple of Flora, grotto with statues, rustic cottage, pantheon, temple of apollo

Question 7

Answer 7

Petworth, West Sussex, 1751, Lord Egremont,patron

Lancelot “Capability” Brown (1716‐1783)

Part II of English Garden

embraced the topography of land and “spontaneous” landscape. smooth surfaces, expanses of water bodies, curved lines. dismisses allegorical references no longer a part of english garden design- avoid artifice, allegory. Visitor learns form his/her landscape

Question 8

Answer 8

Petworth, West Sussex, 1751, Lord Egremont,patron

Lancelot “Capability” Brown (1716‐1783)

Part II of English Garden

Question 9

Answer 9

Humprey Repton (1752‐1818)

“Redbooks” Sketches and Hints on Landscape Gardening, 1795

Changes landscape design into profession

Plans very individualistic rather than having a specific aesthetic

Question 10

Answer 10

Stowe, Buckinghamshire, England, 1715-1730

Charles Bridgeman, LA; Lord Cobham, Patron

baroque english style garden

Bridgeman: key figure in transition from formal parterres to freer style that incorporated the former. Followed by Willam Kent and Capability Brown.

Question 11

Garden of Betweenity aesthetic

Answer 11

From Hunt: “Fundamental element…was that the visitor came to see the far landscape as a result of moving through or maybe gazing over the different gradations of design in the immediate garden.”