English Gardens II

Question 1

Answer 1

Castle Howard

Wray Wood

Stephen Switzer (garden desinger)

Question 2

Answer 2

Kensignton Palace (1720s)

Charles Bridgeman ( garden desinger)

redesigned from tudor - axis, wilderness compartments, ha-ha brings view of hunting park to palace - “the new river” lake curvalinear beauty

Question 3

Answer 3

Stowe

Charles Bridgeman

Lord Cobhan

1715-30

Question 4

Answer 4

Bowood, Wilshire

Capability Brown

1760’s

Question 5

Answer 5

The Noblemen, Gentlemen and Gardener’s Recreation

1715 (Iconographica Rustica)

Stephen Switzer, Garden Designer

how estates should be organized - all adjacent countryside open to view, no wall NOT beaten into submission

Question 6

Answer 6

HAHA (saut le loup-leap of the world)

The new english garden- both “natural” and “english”

ha-ha sunken fence - view but no cows - seamless

Question 7

Answer 7

William Kent (1685-1748) • Rousham, Oxfordshire, 1738, client: General James Dormer

• 1720 bridgeman -axial+wilderness
• mvmt thru sequence of spaces, agricultural land seen as part of garden, naturalistic style imitates spontaneous nature, visual garden extends beyond landscape.
• grecoroman allusions + follies eye-catching
• tudor style lawn+bowling –> dramatic transition to densely planted trees
• small strolling pathways, serpentine walkway
• ha-ha, minimized grading, naturalistic slopes

Question 8

Answer 8

Henry Hoare II • Stourhead, Wiltshire, 1730-1760

• country estate, garden separate from house, open to rich friends visits
• stroll garden around damned lake - metaphor for life - birth youth death afterlife
• obelisk along axis allusion to rome
• green plant material
• turf bridge (end/beginning of journey) - temple of flora (birth), hermits cottage, pantheon, grotto

Question 9

Redefined Nature and the “Beautiful,” the “Picturesque,” and the “Sublime”

Answer 9

ean Jacques Rousseau (1712-78) and Enlightenment Nature - nature as source of ultimate moralty (not evil/lowering morals)

Edmund Burke, A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful, 1757

Question 10

Answer 10

Petworth, West Sussex, 1751, des. lancelot capability brown, client: Lord Egremont

• serpentine lake, all rooms look out onto landscpae
• curvy sinous ha-has, treess lawns,
• reproduction of game (esp deer): managed wildlife habitat - stocked lake w. fish

Question 11

William Hogarth

Answer 11

The Analysis of Beauty, 1753 – “line of beauty”

-not axis but sinuous line / serpentine