Smartbook CH. 10

Question 1

The field of ______ ______ involves direct, deliberate modifications of an organism’s genome.

Answer 1

genetic engineering

Question 2

Designing biological systems to synthesize new forms of molecules is called ______ and often involves the deliberate modification of an organism’s genome through ______.

Answer 2

biotechnology, genetic engineering

Question 3

_____ enzymes cleave specific locations on DNA to produce fragments used to splice genes in genetic engineering.

Answer 3

restriction

Question 4

What process involves determining the exact order of nucleotides in a fragment of DNA?

Answer 4

Sequencing

Question 5

Electrophoresis is a technique used to view DNA fragments on a gel.

Question 6

Hybridization involves complementary base pair bonding.

Question 7

To curtail transmission of the Zika virus, a(n) _____ gene was introduced into the Aedes aegypti mosquito to reduce the survival of offspring.

Answer 7

limiting

Question 8

The field of _____ focuses on analyzing, comparing, and classifying DNA, determining protein sequences and understanding the functions of specific genes and proteins.

Answer 8

genomics

Question 9

______ is a field involving the deliberate alterations of the genomes of microbes, plants, and animals through special technological processes.

Answer 9

genetic engineering

Question 10

Which enzyme cleaves specific locations on DNA to produce fragments that are used to splice genes in genetic engineering?

Answer 10

endonuclease

Question 11

The second step of recombinant DNA technology is to insert the gene of interest into a

Answer 11

vector

Question 12

_____ are good cloning vectors because they may be transferred into appropriate host cells through transformation.

Answer 12

plasmids

Question 13

Understanding the functions of specific genes and proteins through the analysis of DNA and protein sequences comes from the field of

Answer 13

genomics

Question 14

A recombinant plasmid is introduced to the cloning host by which process?

Answer 14

Transformation

Question 15

The plasmid is taken up by _____ cells in the culture when conducting recombinant DNA technology.

Answer 15

some

Question 16

Put these general steps in order for the recombinant DNA procedure.

Answer 16

1. Remove and isolate a selected gene from a donor organism.
2. Insert the gene of interest into a vector.
3. Use vector to deliver selected gene into cloning host.

Question 17

______ and ______ of the foreign gene to make the protein product will occur if a cloning host receives the recombinant plasmid.

Answer 17

Transcription and translation

Question 18

Why are plasmids effective vectors in recombinant DNA technology?

Answer 18

They can be manipulated easily.

They are well characterized.

They can be transferred through transformation.

Question 19

Large scale production and safer products are two of the advantages of using ______ products instead of natural products.

Answer 19

recombinant

Question 20

Recombinant organisms produced through the introduction of foreign genes are referred to as transgenic or ______ ______ organisms.

Answer 20

genetically modified

Question 21

The plasmid is not taken up by all cells in the culture when conducting cloning, or ______.

Answer 21

recombinant DNA technology

Question 22

Pseudomonas bacteria have been engineered to do what?

Answer 22

Prevent frost formation on crops

Release insecticides

Question 23

Transcription and translation of the foreign gene to make the protein product will occur if a cloning _____ receives the recombinant plasmid.

Answer 23

host

Question 24

A potential cancer treatment is the use of genetically engineered ______ that can specifically infect and destroy cancer cells.

Answer 24

adenovirus

Question 25

What are the advantages of using recombinant products instead of natural products?

Answer 25

Safer products Large-scale production

Question 26

Which are advantages of genetically-modified plants for both farmers and consumers?

Answer 26

Lower use of pesticides Improved nutritional value Higher yields

Question 27

Recombinant DNA technology has been used to treat which of the following diseases?

Answer 27

Cancer Diabetes Dwarfism

Question 28

Examples of genetically modified organisms would include ______ that excrete clot-dissolving proteins in their milk.

Answer 28

animals

Question 29

A recombinant organism that carries foreign genes is called a ______ organism.

Answer 29

transgenic genetically modified

Question 30

______ (genus name) bacteria have been engineered to prevent frost damage on crops.

Answer 30

Pseudomonas

Question 31

What process involves the introduction of normal functional genes into cells of people with genetic diseases such as sickle cell anemia and cystic fibrosis?

Answer 31

gene therapy

Question 32

A genetically engineered adenovirus has been developed to specifically attack and destroy ______

Answer 32

cancer cells

Question 33

Which genetically-engineered crop prevents blindness?

Answer 33

Golden Rice which supplies Vitamin A

Question 34

Examples of genetically modified organisms would include ______ with added nutritional value.

Answer 34

plants

Question 35

The main benefit to gene therapy is the ability to

Answer 35

permanently cure a disease.

Question 36

Which diseases have been successfully treated with gene therapy?

Answer 36

Severe Combined Immune Deficiency (X-I-SCID) Blindness (Leber Congenital Amaurosis)

Question 37

DNA ______ is a forensic science tool that allows for the comparison of genomic patterns between individuals.

Answer 37

fingerprinting

Question 38

Gene therapy has the benefit of potentially providing a _____ for certain genetic diseases.

Answer 38

cure