Smartbook CH. 10 Flashcards
The field of ______ ______ involves direct, deliberate modifications of an organism’s genome.
genetic engineering
Designing biological systems to synthesize new forms of molecules is called ______ and often involves the deliberate modification of an organism’s genome through ______.
biotechnology, genetic engineering
_____ enzymes cleave specific locations on DNA to produce fragments used to splice genes in genetic engineering.
restriction
What process involves determining the exact order of nucleotides in a fragment of DNA?
Sequencing
Electrophoresis is a technique used to view DNA fragments on a gel.
Hybridization involves complementary base pair bonding.
To curtail transmission of the Zika virus, a(n) _____ gene was introduced into the Aedes aegypti mosquito to reduce the survival of offspring.
limiting
The field of _____ focuses on analyzing, comparing, and classifying DNA, determining protein sequences and understanding the functions of specific genes and proteins.
genomics
______ is a field involving the deliberate alterations of the genomes of microbes, plants, and animals through special technological processes.
genetic engineering
Which enzyme cleaves specific locations on DNA to produce fragments that are used to splice genes in genetic engineering?
endonuclease
The second step of recombinant DNA technology is to insert the gene of interest into a
vector
_____ are good cloning vectors because they may be transferred into appropriate host cells through transformation.
plasmids
Understanding the functions of specific genes and proteins through the analysis of DNA and protein sequences comes from the field of
genomics
A recombinant plasmid is introduced to the cloning host by which process?
Transformation
The plasmid is taken up by _____ cells in the culture when conducting recombinant DNA technology.
some
Put these general steps in order for the recombinant DNA procedure.
- Remove and isolate a selected gene from a donor organism.
- Insert the gene of interest into a vector.
- Use vector to deliver selected gene into cloning host.
______ and ______ of the foreign gene to make the protein product will occur if a cloning host receives the recombinant plasmid.
Transcription and translation
Why are plasmids effective vectors in recombinant DNA technology?
They can be manipulated easily.
They are well characterized.
They can be transferred through transformation.
Large scale production and safer products are two of the advantages of using ______ products instead of natural products.
recombinant
Recombinant organisms produced through the introduction of foreign genes are referred to as transgenic or ______ ______ organisms.
genetically modified
The plasmid is not taken up by all cells in the culture when conducting cloning, or ______.
recombinant DNA technology
Pseudomonas bacteria have been engineered to do what?
Prevent frost formation on crops
Release insecticides
Transcription and translation of the foreign gene to make the protein product will occur if a cloning _____ receives the recombinant plasmid.
host
A potential cancer treatment is the use of genetically engineered ______ that can specifically infect and destroy cancer cells.
adenovirus
What are the advantages of using recombinant products instead of natural products?
Safer products
Large-scale production
Which are advantages of genetically-modified plants for both farmers and consumers?
Lower use of pesticides
Improved nutritional value
Higher yields
Recombinant DNA technology has been used to treat which of the following diseases?
Cancer
Diabetes
Dwarfism
Examples of genetically modified organisms would include ______ that excrete clot-dissolving proteins in their milk.
animals
A recombinant organism that carries foreign genes is called a ______ organism.
transgenic
genetically modified
______ (genus name) bacteria have been engineered to prevent frost damage on crops.
Pseudomonas
What process involves the introduction of normal functional genes into cells of people with genetic diseases such as sickle cell anemia and cystic fibrosis?
gene therapy
A genetically engineered adenovirus has been developed to specifically attack and destroy ______
cancer cells
Which genetically-engineered crop prevents blindness?
Golden Rice which supplies Vitamin A
Examples of genetically modified organisms would include ______ with added nutritional value.
plants
The main benefit to gene therapy is the ability to
permanently cure a disease.
Which diseases have been successfully treated with gene therapy?
Severe Combined Immune Deficiency (X-I-SCID)
Blindness (Leber Congenital Amaurosis)
DNA ______ is a forensic science tool that allows for the comparison of genomic patterns between individuals.
fingerprinting
Gene therapy has the benefit of potentially providing a _____ for certain genetic diseases.
cure
