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Clinical Bacteriology🦠 > Small Pleo Gram (-ve) Rods 🈵 > Flashcards

Small Pleo Gram (-ve) Rods 🈵 Flashcards

1
Q

3 genus of small pleo gram (-) rods related to the Respiratory system

A

HLB

Haemophilus spp.
Legionella spp.
Bordetella spp.

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2
Q

side note:

Haemophilus spp.
✅ Non – motile
✅No toxins

A

🦠

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2
Q

Haemophilus spp. are fastidious therefore they need these 2 essential growth requirements on CAP?

A

(V-factor) NAD – from yeast extract or Staphylococcus aureus

(X-factor) Hematin – from blood

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3
Q

(4) Haemophilus spp.

A

H. influenzae
H. ducreyi
H. aegypticus
H. vaginalis

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4
Q

Haemophilus spp. aka?

A

Pfeiffer’s Bacillus

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5
Q

how many types of capsules Haemophilus spp. have?

and what is the most virulent type?

A

Capsule – 6 types
type B – most virulent

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6
Q

Haemophilus spp. type B – most virulent capsule is made of?

A

polyribitol ribose phosphate (PRP)

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7
Q

Haemophilus spp. exhibits “Satellite phenomenon”

A

Haemophilus influenzae

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8
Q

Sexually transmitted and causes Clinical Presentation
Chancroid/Soft chancre

A

Haemophilus ducreyi

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8
Q

Gram stain – small pleomorphic gram negative bacilli in clusters - “school of fish”

A

Haemophilus ducreyi

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9
Q

for culture: requires Fresh Clotted Rabbit Blood - preferred

20 – 30% Defibrinated Rabbit Blood agar
Sheep or Horse Blood

A

Haemophilus ducreyi

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10
Q

aka Kock-Week’s Bacillus

A

Haemophilus aegyptius

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11
Q

small pleomorphic gram negative rods:

🔬🧑‍⚕️Clinical Presentation
- Pink eye conjunctivitis
- Resembles H. influenzae biotype III

A

Haemophilus aegyptius

AKA: Kock-Week’s Bacillus

  • because it takes a week to recover under antibiotic therapy
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12
Q

Formerly Haemophilus vaginalis

A

Gardnerella vaginalis

(Gardnerella vaginalis/Haemophilus vaginalis)

-same ra

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13
Q

bahog bilat fishy odor with discharge syndrome causative agent???

A

Gardnerella vaginalis/Haemophilus vaginalis

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14
Q

“clue cells” - epithelial cells with tiny bacilli covered is indicative of?

A

Gardnerella vaginalis or bacterial vaginosis

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15
Q

POSITIVE ON

✅Human Blood Tween Agar at 48 hours in 5 – 10% CO2 – Beta hemolysis

✅Whiff Test or Sniff Tests – vaginal discharge + 10% KOH
Positive test – Fishy- amine like odor

A

G. vaginalis/ H. vaginalis

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16
Q

stain used for Gardnerella vaginalis clue cells?

A

Papanicolaou’s stain

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17
Q

all Haemophilus spp. need V-factor (NADH nicotinamide) except

A

H. ducreyi
-only needs X-factor

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18
Q

(2) Haemophilus spp. that does not require X-factor (Hematin) but requires V-factor

A

✅H. parainfluenzae
✅H. parahaemolyticus

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19
Q

causes Pittsburg pneumonia

A

Legionella micdadei

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20
Q

causes Legionnaire’s Pneumonia
Pontiac Fever

A

Legionella pneumophila

21
Q

causative agent?

-gram stain: stains faintly
-intracellular organism
-Immunofluoresacence
-Dieterle Silver Stain

A

Legionella pneumophila

22
Q

requires Dieterle Silver Stain

A

Legionella pneumophila

23
Q

side note:

Legionella pneumophila
- Does not grow on ordinary media
- Requires high concentration of Iron and Cysteine

A

REMEMBER Requires high concentration of Iron and Cysteine!!! - Legionella pneumophila

again: high Iron and Cysteine concentration - Legionella pneumophila

24
Q

grows on

✅(BCYE) Buffered Charcoal Yeast Extract Agar
✅CAP
✅ 🟤Feeley-Gorman Medium🟤 (BROWN pigment)🤎

A

Legionella pneumophila

25
Q

4 phases of whooping cough?

A

✅Incubation Period
7-10 days

✅Catarrhal Period
7-10 days

✅Paroxysmal phase
2-4 weeks

✅Convalescent stage
3-4 weeks (or longer)

26
Q

causative agent:

  • Gram – negative coccobacilli
  • Direct examination of smears stained with fourescein conjugated monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
    – slow grower; should be held for 7 to 12 days
  • requires CALCIUM AGINATE TIPPED APPLICATOR
A

Bordetella pertussis

27
Q

specimen culture for Bordetella pertussis should be collected at what phase?

A

Paroxysmal phase
2-4 weeks
-Whoop (burst of non-productive
coughs)

28
Q

side note:

Bordetella pertussis in lab diagnosis is usually associated with Lymphocytosis

A

🦠

29
Q

B. pertussis phase when the px is highly contagious and antibiotics most effective?

A

Catarrhal phase

30
Q

B. pertussis phase when 2-10 weeks

✅Whoop (burst of non-productive
coughs)

✅Increased number of lymphocytes
in blood smear

A

Paroxysmal phase

31
Q

B. pertussis phase when there is a development of secondary
complications (pneumonia, seizure, encephalopathy)

A

Convalescent stage

32
Q

Growth on:

✅Regan – Lowe
>charcoal, blood, and antibiotic

✅Bordet – Gengou:
>Composed of: Potato
20 – 30 % blood Glycerol

A

Bordetella pertussis

33
Q

may give the appearance of “drop of mercury” on Regan – Lowe agar

A

Bordetella pertussis

34
Q

📒Side note:

🦠B. parapertussis
🦠B. bronchiseptica

Culture media:
✅MacConkey Agar (MAC)
✅Sheep Blood agar (SBA)

A

✅

35
Q

The only motile Bordetella spp.?
also positive for catalase, urease and oxidase

A

B. bronchiseptica

36
Q

3 Gram – Negative Zoonotic Rods

A

✅Brucella spp
✅Pasteurella spp
✅Francisella spp.

✅Yersinia

37
Q

Brucella spp. is a facultative intracellular parasite.

Give two (2) facultative intracellular parasite bacteria under the small gram neg pleomorphic rods

A

(HBL)

🦠Haemophilus influenzae
🦠Legionella pneumophila

(Brucella spp. and Haemophilus ilnfluenzae are facultative intracellular parasite)

38
Q

capsulated and shows Tropism to erythritol

A

Brucella spp.

39
Q
  1. aka Bang’s Disease?
  2. what bacteria genus?
A
  1. Brucellosis
  2. Brucella spp.
40
Q

shows:

✅ “Undulant fever”
✅ Non – specific signs and symptoms
✅ Organomegaly – splenomegaly, ✅Hepatomegaly and lymphadenopathy
✅Induces abortion in animals

A

Brucella spp.

41
Q

Rod to coccoid – shaped, arranged singly or in pairs –“appearance of a sand”

A

Brucella spp.

42
Q

the only Thionine sensitive and requires 5 % CO2 for growth Brucella spp?

A

B. abortus

(abortion on cows)

43
Q

Minimum titer of ____in a standard tube agglutination test for Brucella spp.

A

1:160 titer

✅Recent brucellosis – 4 fold or greater during the the first two months of illness

44
Q

Found as commensals in the upper respiratory tract of fowl and mammals

A

Pasteurella spp.

45
Q

Aerobic, motile, and nutritionally fastidious pleomorphic poorly gram-negative rods; visualized with ______

A

silver stain

46
Q

What bacteria?

Aerobic, motile, and nutritionally fastidious pleomorphic poorly gram-negative rods; visualized with silver stain

A

Legionella pneumophila

47
Q

Pasteurella spp. most important human pathogen.

-Found as commensals in the upper respiratory tract of fowl and mammals

A

Pasteurella multocida

Transmission:
- From dog or cat bites

47
Q

what bacteria:

Laboratory diagnosis:
- gram – negative short rod with BIPOLAR STAINING (safety pin)

-Px got bit by a cat/dog
-Musty or mousy odor on BAP

A

Pasteurella multocida

48
Q

what bacteria:

✅Cottontail rabbit – primary reservoir
✅both wild and domesticated animals - birds
✅arthropods

Transmission:
1. Tick bites
2. Inhalation
3. Ingestion
4. Direct contact with infected animals

A

Francisella tularensis

48
Q

what bacteria:

🧑‍⚕️Clinical manifestations:

✅Tularemia (tularensis) wink
✅Pneumonic Tularemia
✅Oculoglandular – conjunctivitis (with papule on the lower lid)
✅Typhoidal - Gastrointestinal

✅Ulceroglandular – at the site of inoculation (swollen lymph nodes)

A

Francisella tularensis

✅small pleomorphic gram – negative rods with faint bipolar staining

49
Q

what bacteria:

✅cotton tail rabbit natural reservoir
✅slow grower (usually within 2 – 4 days)
✅Glucose – cyteine agar supplemented with 5% defibrinated rabbit blood
✅Chocolate Agar with IsolVitalX

✅Buffered charcoal yeast extract agar (BYCE)

Note that Legionella pneumophila also grows on BCY

A

Francisella tularensis

Clinical Bacteriology🦠 (18 decks)

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