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Clinical Bacteriology🦠 > Opportunistic Enterics🙊🙉 > Flashcards

Opportunistic Enterics🙊🙉 Flashcards

1
Q

Isolated from pxs with self-limiting antibiotic-associated haemorrhagic
colitis

Klebsiella spp.

A

Heat-labile Cytotoxin – Klebsiella oxytoca

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2
Q

K. pneumoniae two (2) capsules

A

K1 capsular clonal complex CC23
K1 capsular clonal complex CC28

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3
Q

Side note:
Both CC23 and CC28 can be spread in generally healthy pxs because of the intrinsic resistance to complements and neutrophils

A

~🧿

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4
Q

Side note:
Klebsiella spp. Associated Infection

  1. Liver abscess
  2. Lobar pneumonia
  3. UTI
  4. Wound and soft tissue infection
  5. Septicemia
  6. Chronic infections
  7. Rhinoscleroma
  8. Atrophic rhinitis (ozena)
A

🤞

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5
Q

-What infection?
-Give the causative agent

associated with necrosis of alveolar spaces, formation of cavities and blood-tinged sputum/ “currant jelly” sputum?

A

-Lobar pneumonia
-Klebsiella spp.

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6
Q

a granulomatous infection of the genitals and inguinal area. It is endemic in Papua New Guinea, the Caribbean, South America, India, Southern Africa, Vietnam and Australia. It is transmitted via sexual intercourse or non- sexual trauma to the genitalia. It resembles syphilis lesions.

A

Granuloma inguinale or Donovanosis,

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7
Q

it causes Granuloma inguinale or Donovanosis

A

Klebsiella granulomatis

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8
Q

Reservoir &Transmission

-Human microbiota of the mouth, nasopharynx & GIT

A

Klebsiella
spp.

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9
Q

Reservoir &Transmission

  1. Contaminated medical devices
    (common in
    respirators)
  2. Contaminated
    food and water
A

Enterobacter
spp.

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9
Q

causative agent?

  1. Bacteremia
  2. Lower Respiratory Tract Infections
  3. UTI
  4. Surgical site infections
  5. Intravascular device-associated infections
A

Enterobacter
spp.

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10
Q

Reservoir &Transmission .
bacteria?

  1. Person-to-person
    ⭐️2. Contaminated
    medical devices (urinary catheters, respirators, IV fluids, etc.)
  2. Direct contact with patient’s
    wound and respiratory samples
A

Serratia spp.

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11
Q

what bacteria can cause kidney stones?

A

Proteus spp.’

 Urea——-CO2 + NH3
 The ammonia formed precipitates Magnesium and Calcium in the from of struvite crystal (Magnesium ammonium

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12
Q

Vertical transmission may occur (mother to baby).

-what bacteria?

A

Citrobacter
spp.

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13
Q

causative agent?

Meningitis
necrotizing encephalitis with necrotizing encephalitis
brain abscess in neonates (or even <2 mos. of age)

Citrobacter spp.

A

Citrobacter korseri

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14
Q

-what bacteria

Animal reservoir (isolated in 1904 by Rettger from chickens with fowl cholera)

A

Providencia
spp.

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15
Q

-what bacteria’
UTI (Catheter-associated common among elderlies)

A

Providencia
spp.

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16
Q

-what bacteria?

Urine bag turns purple (Purple Urine Bag Syndrome) for pxs with long-standing indwelling urinary catheter

Indoxyl sulfate ——->Indigo or Indirubin urine

A

Providencia
spp.

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17
Q
  • what type of capsular antigen

isolated from pxs with community acquired pyogenic liver abscess which demonstrates hvKP (hypermucoviscous phenotype)

A

K1 capsular clonal complex CC23

(a capsule- especially in K. pneumoniae)

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18
Q

-what capsular antigen?

associated with severe pneumonia & bloodstream infections

A

K1 capsular clonal complex CC28

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19
Q

virulence: has production of AMPC genes

ampc genes gives resistance to beta lactam drugs

A

Citrobacter spp.

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20
Q

microbiota on any moist surface..
mag red sa cr and breast milk? what bacteria and what pigment

A

Serratia spp.
prodigiosin

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21
Q

what bacteria?

Commonly isolated from pediatric pxs
**Capable of survival in adverse environment
**Resistant to many disinfectants
**Resistant to first-generation Cephalosporin because of the AmpC beta-lactamase.

-has DNase, lipase and gelatinase

A

Serratia spp.

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22
Q

give example of 1st gen cephalosporin

A

Penicilin

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23
Q

serratia virulence factors

A
  1. DNAse
  2. Lipase
  3. Gelatinase
  4. Urease
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24
Q

causative agent

Animal reservoir (isolated in 1904 by Rettger from chickens with fowl cholera)

A

Providencia
spp.

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25
Q

causative agent:

  1. rarely encountered
  2. causes gastroenteritis, and occasional septicemia, meningitis and liver abscess
  3. Systemic infection is common in pxs with liver disease & iron overload
  4. typically associated with water harboring fish and turtles
A

Edwardsiella spp.
(tarda)

26
Q

causative agent:

responsible for spoilage of vegetables post-harvest

A

Erwinia spp.

27
Q

causative agent:

Infection is common among pxs with malignancies, or after surgery

A

Hafnia spp.

28
Q

isolated from cold-blooded and warm blooded animals (fish and tutles (?))

A

Edwardsiella spp.

29
Q

causative agent:

causes outbreaks in cardiac surgeries and burn units

A

Providencia spp.

P. alcafaciens (commonly isolated)

30
Q

microorganism:

smells musty pungent odor “potato-like odor”

A

Serratia odorifera

31
Q

commonly isolated proteus spp.?

A

P. mirabilis… next to vulgaris

32
Q

distinct feature:

delayed positive citrate reaction… is a major characteristic

-infection is common in px with malignancies after surgey

A

Hafnia spp.

33
Q

It can infect the proximal kidney tubules and can cause AGN, particularly in patients with urinary tract defects or
catherization

A

proteus spp.

IMVIC reaction:
-+vv (P.mirabilis)
++-v (P.vulgaris)

TSI reaction:

K/A, (+) gas, (+) H2S- P.mirabilis
K/A, (+/-) gas, (+) H2S- P. vulgaris

34
Q

smells like burnt chocolate or fresh colonies: burnt-gun powder odor

A

Proteus spp.

35
Q

Side note:

The swarming phenomenon is a result of a tightly regulated cycle of differentiation from standard vegetative cells
(swimmers) to hyperflagellated elongated, polypoidy cells (swarmers) capable of coordinated surface movement

A

~

36
Q

Morganella:

TSI and IMViC
etc.

A

▪ IMVIC reactionL ++–

▪ TSI reaction: K/A (+) gas, (-) H2S

▪ Other Biochem Tests: +Urease, KCN, Ornithine Decarboxylase

37
Q

Providencia spp.

▪ Is a pathogen of the urinary tract
▪ It also causes diarrheal disease among travelers

A

Providencia rettgeri

38
Q

Providencia spp.

▪ It has been isolated from nosocomial outbreaks in burn units and in urine cultures

▪ It is mostly resistant to antimicrobial agents (together with P.rettgeri)

A

Providencia stuartii

39
Q

Providencia spp.

▪ Is most commonly found in the feces of children with diarrhea

A

Providencia alcalifaciens

40
Q

Morganella IMViC

A

++00

41
Q

it produces colonies on Mac Conkey agar that resemble E.coli and biochemically resembling Salmonella

A

Citrobacter spp.

42
Q

can cause FALSE POSITIVE agglutination test with Salmonella

A

Citrobacter spp.

43
Q

A SLOW UREASE PRODUCERS on Simmons citrate agar

A

CITROBACTER

44
Q

rapid urease producers?

A

PPM

-Proteus
-Providencia
-Morganella

45
Q

aka FRIEDLANDER’S BACILLUS

A

Klebsiella spp.

46
Q

-the purple urine bag syndrome is due to enzyme___?

-causative agent?

-most common isolate?

A

-Indoxyl sulfate
-Providencia spp.
-Providencia stuartii

47
Q

enterobacteriaceae 3 gen characteristics

A
  1. ferments glucose
  2. oxidase-neg (exceptL Plesiominas shigelloides)
  3. Reduce nitrate to nitrite
48
Q

Match the Shigella spp. with the corresponding group antigen: A, B, C, and D.

a. S. sonnei
b. S. boydii
c. S. dysenteriae
d. S. flexneri

A

S. sonnei : D
S. boydii: C
S. dysenteriae: A
S. flexneri: B

49
Q

Which of the following test results is most helpful in categorizing an isolate as a member of the tribe Proteeae?

a. Positive Voges-Proskauer
b. Positive urea
c. Positive phenylalanine deaminase
d. Positive lactose fermentation

A

c. Positive phenylalanine deaminase

50
Q

The causative agent of plague is:

a. Yersinia pestis
b. Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis
c. Citrobacter freundii
d. Serratia marcescens

A

a. Yersinia pestis

51
Q

A 47-year-old patient who had just returned from Mexico was admitted to the hospital with a 3-day history of vomiting and diarrhea, without fever, and no fecal leukocytes were found in the stool. When he was admitted to the hospital, a stool culture grew an organism identified as Escherichia coli. Which of the following strains is the most likely cause of the infection?

a. EPEC b. ETEC c. EHEC d. EIEC

A

b. ETEC

52
Q

A gram-negative, oxidase-negative coccobacillus was isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of an infant in the newborn nursery. The organism produced dark pink colonies on MAC agar and had the following biochemical results: triple sugar iron, acid over acid with gas; phenylalanine deaminase-negative; sulfide-indole- motility agar, H2S-negative, indole-positive, and motile; urease- negative; and citrate-negative. The most probable identity of this organism is:

a. Escherichia coli
b. Enterobacter aerogenes
c. Klebsiella pneumoniae
d. Serratia marcescens

A

b. Escherichia coli

53
Q

Which organism is an opportunistic pathogen that causes wound and urinary tract infections and may cause the production of kidney stones?

a. Yersinia enterocolitica
b. Citrobacter freundii
c. Proteus mirabilis
d. Enterobacter cloacae

A

c. Proteus mirabilis

54
Q

An enteric organism that is acquired by eating improperly pre- pared and cooked or preserved contaminated food and produces dysentery is:

a. P. vulgaris
b. Y. enterocolitica
c. S. marcescens
d. Shigella spp.

A

d. Shigella spp.

55
Q

most common isolate of enterobacter

A

E. cloacae

56
Q

Unique in their ability to produce the enzymes Dnase, lipase, and gelatinase

A

Serratia spp.

57
Q

S. marcescens and S. rubidea produce a red pigment__

A

Prodigiosin

58
Q

can cause struvite kidney stones

A

Proteus spp.

Struvite= triple phosphate magnesium ammonium phosphate

58
Q

Most common opportunistic pathogen in hospitalized patients

A

Serratia spp.

59
Q

proteus motility

A

swarming

60
Q

Side note:

Providencia rettgeri is the only urease-positive providencia

A
61
Q

Resembles klebsiella except motile (+) and OPG (+)

-common in respirators

A

Citrobacter

62
Q

Polymicrobial resistant due to extended spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)

A

Providencia

Clinical Bacteriology🦠 (18 decks)

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