small mammals 6 pt 3

Question 1

Diarrhea Dx, tx

Answer 1

• CBC and biochemistries
• Fecal parasitology, culture, and PCR
• Diagnostic imaging
• Intestinal biopsies
  <><><><
  Treatment
• Supportive care
• Specific therapy

Question 2

Pneumonia

Answer 2

• Uncommon
• Usually, primary viral +/- secondary bacterial

Question 3

Influenza Infection etiology

Answer 3

• Orthomyxoviridae, types A and B
• Aerosol from infected people or ferrets
  <><><><>
• Ferrets are susceptible to influenza virus types A and B of the class Orthomyxoviridae; outbreaks with human and swine H1N1; contract from infected people or infected ferrets; zoonosis very rare; transmitted by aerosol droplets.
• Primarily upper respiratory disease; influenza A subtypes vary in virulence and their association with secondary bacterial infections; highly pathogenic human influenza viruses produce severe disease.

Question 4

influenza clinical signs, History and Physical Examination

Answer 4

• Range from mild pyrexia and respiratory signs, to severe pneumonia, neurologic disease, and death
  <><><><>
• Clinical signs within 48 hours - sporadic pyrexia, mild respiratory signs (e.g.,
  sneezing, serous oculonasal discharge), lethargy, anorexia, photophobia, and conjunctivitis; hearing loss, limited enteritis, and hepatic and renal dysfunction also reported.
• In neonates and older ferrets, may evolve to bronchitis, pneumonia, otitis, periocular and perinasal dermatitis, and neurologic signs such as ataxia, torticollis, and hind limb paresis.
• Death from lower airway obstruction, secondary pulmonary infections, or neurologic disease.
• Usually 5-7 day course, low mortality.

Question 5

influenza Disease Dx

Answer 5

• Clinical signs and history, antigen detection in oculonasal secretions, and
  recovery within 4 to 5 days; antigen detection tests on fresh or frozen tissues, nasal swabs, or bronchoalveolar washes; hematologic and biochemical values within normal limits, occasional transient leukopenia.

Question 6

influenza in ferrets Tx

Answer 6

• Supportive care
• Symptomatic
• Cough suppressants, bronchodilators, or decongestants
• Antibiotics, fluids
• Human anti-viral drugs
  <><><><>
  Treatment - supportive care if mild; cough suppressants, bronchodilators, or decongestants; antibiotics and parenteral fluids if severe; use of antipyretics debatable; human anti-viral drugs possible (tested in ferrets).

Question 7

influenza prevention

Answer 7

Prevention - avoid exposure; human live or recombinant vaccine possible but not necessary.

Question 8

Canine Distemper * Etiology

Answer 8

• Paramyxoviridae, canine distemper virus
• Aerosol, fomites, or contact from infected animals (dogs)

Question 9

distemper clinical signs

Answer 9

• Lethargy, photophobia, anorexia
  <><>
  Dermatologic
• Erythematous and pruritic rashes, then hyperkeratosis, e.g., footpads, face, perineum
  <><>
  Respiratory
• Dyspnea, discharge,
  coughing, and sneezing
  <><>
  Neurologic
• Paresis, convulsions, coma
  <><>
• Often death

Question 10

distemper Dx

Answer 10

• PCR
• CDV inclusion bodies at post-mortem

Question 11

distemper Tx, prevention

Answer 11

• Treatment
• Supportive care
• Vaccinate
• Recovery uncommon
  <><>
• Prevention
• Vaccination effective

Question 12

SARS-CoV-2
in ferret

Answer 12

yup

Question 13

Ferret Systemic
Coronaviral Disease - who fgets it what is it Dx, Tx

Answer 13

• Young(11months)
• Resembles dry FIP
• Progressive,high mortality
• Diagnosis–IHCof tissues
• No treatment, supportive care
  <><><><>
• Ferret systemic coronavirus (FSCV) causes progressive systemic pyogranulomatous disease in young ferrets that resembles the dry form of FIP.
• Average 11 months of age.
• Chronic weight loss, a palpable abdominal mass or masses, diarrhea,
  hypergammaglobulinemia, leukocytosis, and anemia; central nervous system signs
  are also possible.
• Diagnosis - immunohistochemical staining of affected tissues with anti-coronavirus
  antibody, FIPV3-70.
• Progressive disease, high mortality, duration of clinical illness 67 days.
• No treatment; immunosuppressive therapy and supportive care, including
  nutritional supplementation, GI protectants, antiemetics, and empirical antibiotic therapy, helpful.

Question 14

ferret ear mites

Answer 14

• Otodectes cynotis
• Direct contact
• Otitisexterna–irritation, dark brown exudate
• Secondarybacterial/ fungal infection
• Treatment–cleanears, local parasiticide, etc.
  <><><><><>
• Otodectes cynotis is the ear mite that affects dogs, cats, and ferrets, often causing chronic otitis.
• Mite transmission by direct contact with other infested animals.
• Some asymptomatic, but usually clinical signs of external otitis, such as head
  shaking and ear scratching, excoriations, and peri-aural crusting.
• Ear canal filled with a dark brown, coffee ground-like exudate and eventually blood
  clots.
• Ear mites may colonize other areas of the ferret’s body (e.g., the perineum).
• Occasionally, secondary bacterial or fungal otitis, causing severe pruritus and a
  head tilt.
• Treatment - otic cleaning solution before local antiparasitic treatment; treat all
  contact animals and clean the environment; antibiotic or antifungal therapy or both as indicated.