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Small Animal Primary Care > Small mammal dental > Flashcards

Small mammal dental Flashcards

1
Q

What is different about the anatomy of the teeth of small exotic mammals comparing to dogs & cats?

A
  • germinal tissue that allows for continuous growth instead of apical root
  • reserve crown is embedded in alveolar bone
  • clinical crown (visible crown)
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2
Q

Why are lagomorphs different from rodents?

A

have 2 sets of maxillary incisors

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3
Q

What dental difference is between rats/ mice and the rest of the rodent family?

A

have anelodont molars have a limited period of growth as they develop root)(

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4
Q

Dental formula of rodents excluding rats/mice

A

1/1, 0/0, 1/1, 3/3

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5
Q

Dental formula for mice/ rats

A

1/1, 0/0, 0/0, 3/3

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6
Q

Dental formula of rabbits

A

2/1, 0/0, 3/2, 3/3

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7
Q

characteristics of incisors of small exotic mammals

A
  • hypselodont
  • maxillary incisor with strong curve
  • specie-specific chisel edge
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8
Q

Characteristics of rabbit incisors

A
  • 2 sets incisor (maxillary peg teeth)
  • bite & chop food
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9
Q

Characteristics of rodent incisors

A
  • 1 set of incisor
  • used for gnawing
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10
Q

What are cheek teeth composed of?

A

premolars & molars

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11
Q

What type of teeth are most rodents (except for rats/mice) and lagomorph cheek teeth?

A

hyselodont

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12
Q

function of cheek teeth

A

function as grinding plate

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13
Q

How are cheek teeth specie specific in small exotic mammals?

A
  • alignment
  • occlusal surface
  • occlusal angle
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14
Q

What type of movement do rabbits have at their temporomandibular joint?

A

lateral-lateral movement

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15
Q

What type of movement do rodents have at their temporomandibular joint?

A

rostrocaudal movement

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16
Q

What is the most common dental issue in rodents & rabbits?

A

malocclusion

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17
Q

What can cause malocclusion in rodents & rabbits?

A

anything that disrupts growth/ attrition of teeth

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18
Q

What causes congenital malocclusion?

A

Caused by:
- congenital jaw mismatch (mandibular prognathism vs. maxillary brachygnathism
- overcrowding
- brachycephalic breed

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19
Q

What causes acquired malocclusion?

A
  • trauma
  • lack of appropriate chewing/ food source
  • metabolic bone disease
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20
Q

What type of malocclusion is most common in rabbits/ rodents?

A

acquired

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21
Q

How does metabolic bone disease cause malocclusion?

A
  • renal/ nutritional secondary to parathyroidism
  • disrupt strength of bones (jaws less stable)
22
Q

Sequelae of maloccluision

A

colonal elongation –> apical elongation —> predisposition to abscessation

23
Q

What can coronal elongation lead to?

A
  • soft tissue ulceration
  • inability/ unwillingness to chew
24
Q

What can apical elongation lead to?

A
  • boney remodeling due to alveolar bone expansion
  • disruption of normal tissue (neighbor disease)
25
Q

What causes incisor malocclusion?

A

often due to secondary premolar/molar malocclusion

26
Q

Characteristics of incisor malocclusion

A

maxillary incisor grow palatially, closing off mouth and cause soft tissue trauma

27
Q

What can be the sequelae of incisor malocclusion?

A

fracture of clinical crown and affect the reserve crown

28
Q

Questions to ask when getting history

A

Screen for:
- inappropriate diet
- change in dietary preference
- intermittent GI stasis
- pawing at mouth
- presence of new lump
- diarrhea
- signs of neighboring disease

29
Q

What to look for during physical exam for oral disease

A
  • diarrhea/ fecal matting
  • poor hair coat
  • SQ abscess
  • hypersalivation
  • low BCS
  • dehydration
  • signs of neighboring Dz
30
Q

What are required for oral exam for rabbits/ rodents?

A
  • great restrainer/ towel
  • hands/ eyes/ smell
  • nasal speculum or otoscope
31
Q

5 components of the oral exam in rabbits/ rodents

A
  1. facial symmetry
  2. facial palpation
  3. latero-lateral grinding motion
  4. incisor evaluation
  5. intraoral exam
32
Q

What is important to do when examining the face for symmetry?

A

get down to the level of the nose

33
Q

What is the goal for facial symmetry examination?

A

look for neighboring disease, apical disease

34
Q

Where to pay extra attention to when doing palpation on rabbits/ rodents?

A

mandible, maxilla, base of ears, retropulse eye

35
Q

goal for facial palpation

A

detection of apical disease

36
Q

Goal for latero-lateral grinding motion

A

detect intraoral disease

37
Q

What to do when examining incisors?

A

pull back lips & look from front & sides

38
Q

What is the goal of incisor examination?

A

detect intraoral disease

39
Q

How to do an intraoral exam?

A
  • introduce instrument into oral cavity & evaluate dentition & soft tissue
40
Q

goal for intraoral exam

A

detection of intraoral disease

41
Q

What are some diagnostic imaging methods that are commonly used for rabbits/rodents?

A

radiograph, CT, oral endoscopy

42
Q

What are radiographs helpful with?

A

intraoral radiographs helpful for incisors

43
Q

What are CT ideal for?

A
  • evaluation of surrounding soft tissue & areas of superimposition
  • help with surgical planning
44
Q

What are oral endoscopy helpful for?

A

allow direct visualization on intraoral structure

45
Q

Treatment for oral disease in rabbits/ rodents

A

Stabilize first:
- analgesic
- fluid therapy
- increase caloric intake (syringe feed)
- warm

46
Q

What is the goal for dental procedures in rabbits/rodents?

A

re-establish grinding plate
- reduce coronal crown height
- maintain specific occlusal angle
- remove spurs

47
Q

Post-operative care for rabbit/rodent dental

A
  • analgesia: 3-5 d
  • supportive care: syringe feed & fluid therapy
48
Q

long term dental management of rabbits/ rodents

A
  • oral exam every 3 months
  • life-long occlusal adjustment often needed
  • weekly weighing at home
49
Q

When are dental extractions considered?

A
  • incisor malocclusion
  • mobile teeth
50
Q

Extractions in rodents/ rabbits

A
  • associated with end-stage dental disease
  • warranted when teeth are mobile
51
Q

What to be aware of for rabbit/ rodent dental extraction?

A

opposing tooth will continue to grow

52
Q

Prognosis of dental disease

A
  • depends on stage of disease
  • depends on owner commitment & finance
  • depend on severity of status upon presentation
  • can often improve with diet change and routine dental procedures

Small Animal Primary Care (8 decks)

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