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Small Animal Primary Care > Dental Pathology > Flashcards

Dental Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common dental disease in cats?

A

feline odontoclastic resorptive lesion

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2
Q

What is the best treatment for feline odontoclastic resorptive lesion?

A

extraction

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3
Q

Why is extraction the best method for feline odontoclastic disease?

A
  • progressive
  • unknown etiology
  • poor success with other treatments
  • comfort
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4
Q

What is the diagnosis tool for feline odontoclastic disease?

A

dental radiograph

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5
Q

What is the stage of this lesion?

A

Stage 1 resorptive lesion:
- only involves cementum

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6
Q

Characteristics of stage 1 feline odontoclastic lesion

A
  • only involves cementum
  • often undiagnosed
  • not sensitive
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7
Q

What is the stage of this lesion?

A

Stage 2 resorptive lesion:
- progression through cementum into crown/ root dentin

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8
Q

Characteristics of stage 2 feline odontoclastic resorptive lesion

A
  • progression into the dentin of the crown / root
  • painful
  • hyperplastic gingiva overlaying defect
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9
Q

What is the stage of this lesion?

A

stage 3:
- invaded into the pulp chamber & tooth canal

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10
Q

Characteristics of stage 3 feline odontoclastic resorptive lesion

A
  • invasion of the lesion into the pulp chamber & tooth canal
  • painful
  • bleeding from pulp tissue upon probing
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11
Q

What stage is this lesion?

A

Stage 4:
- extensive structural damage
- tooth fractures easily

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12
Q

Characteristics of stage 5 feline odontoclastic resorptive lesion

A
  • no crown with root remanant or vice versa
  • have bulging & inflammed gingiva
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13
Q

What are the 2 stages/ types of feline resorptive lesions that potentially does not require extraction?

A

Type 2: crown amputation
Stage 5: if not inflammed, intact gingiva & no peripheral pathology, can leave alone

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14
Q

What is Type 1 feline odontoclastic resorptive lesion?

A
  • focal or multifocal radiolucency in tooth
  • otherwise normal
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15
Q

What is Type 2 feline odontoclastic resorptive lesion?

A
  • narrowing or disappearance of periodontal ligament
  • presence of dentoalveolar ankylosis & replacement
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16
Q

What is Type 3 feline odontoclastic resorptive lesion?

A

presence of both type 1 & type 2 on same tooth

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17
Q

What is Feline Chronic gingivostomatitis?

A
  • painful oral inflammation
  • can be local or generalized
  • comprise of gingivitis & mucositis
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18
Q

Etiology of feline chronic gingivostomatitis

A

Multifactoral:
- FeLV
- FIV
- Bartonella
- Calicivirus
- oral bacteria/ endotoxin
- immune-mediated (reaction to plaque bacteria)

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19
Q

Examples of partial feline chronic gingivostomatitis

A
  • caudal mucositis
  • kissing ulcer
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20
Q

What causes kissing ulcer?

A

contact between oral mucosa & tooth

21
Q

What is an example of generalized widespread feline chronic gingivostomatitis?

A

stomatitis

22
Q

Work up for feline chronic gingivostomatitis

A
  • FeLV/FIV
  • Bartonella PCR
  • Calicivirus PCR
  • CBC
  • Biochemistry ( hyperglobulinemia)
  • oral exam
  • biopsy: chronic, ulcerative lymphocytic-plasmocytic stomatitis
23
Q

Medication used to manage feline chronic gingivostomatitis

A
  • steroids for crisis (does not resolve primary cause)
  • antibiotics for bartonella- associated stomatitis (Azithromycin & Doxycycline)
24
Q

Best treatment for feline chronic gingivostomatitis

A
  1. full mouth extraction:
    - 80% responds to treatment (full/ partial)
  2. Dental cleaning with full mouth radiograph, selected extraction & biopsy
25
Q

What is Chronic Ulcerative Paradental Stomatitis?

A

Canine stomatitis

26
Q

What causes Chronic ulcerative paradental stomatitis?

A

unknown; some relationship with plaque bacteria

27
Q

Presentation for Chronic ulcerative paradental stomatitis

A
  • Maltese over-represented
  • pain: drooling, difficulty eating, depression, head shy
  • halitosis
  • weight loss
28
Q

Workup for chronic ulcerative paradental stomatitis

A
  • PE: mandibular lymphadenopathy & lip fold dermatitis (drooling)
  • CBC
  • Biochemistry
  • Oral exam
  • Biopsy: chronic, ulcerative lymphocytic-plkasmacytic stomatitis
29
Q

Treatment for chronic ulcerative paradental stomatitis

A
  • Full dental cleaning: special care to remove all plaque & calculi
  • extraction of diseased teeth
  • dental sealant application
  • home care important: better homecare, less drugs
30
Q

What teeth are usually extracted in chronic ulcerative paradental stomatitis?

A

molars & premolars

31
Q

When would medication be useful in treating chronic ulcerative paradental stomatitis?

A

Antibiotics:
- Short-term relief of soft tissue infection or systemic inflammation
- must be combined with cleaning & extractions
Steroids:
- anti-inflammatory

32
Q

What is gingival hyperplasia?

A

pathologic growth of excessive gingival tissue

33
Q

Why can gingival hyperplasia be problematic?

A
  • creates pseudopocket around tooth that can trap hair, food and bacteria
  • lead to periodontal disease
34
Q

What causes gingival hyperplasia?

A
  1. Reaction to gingival inflammation due to chronic antigenic stimuli
    - genetic plays a role too (usually recession)
  2. Medication
35
Q

What medication may cause gingival hyperplasia?

A
  • calcium channel blocker
  • phenytoin derivatives
  • cyclosporin
36
Q

What is required to treat gingival hyperplasia?

A
  • full mouth radiograph
  • gingivectomy ( repeated therapy)
  • regular dental cleaning
  • homecare
37
Q

What is gingivectomy?

A
  • Removal of excess gingiva
  • preserve normal anatomy
38
Q

How to perform gingivectomy?

A
  • apply local anesthesia
  • measure psuedopocket & mark gingiva with dots and remove excess
  • fluted bur on high speed handpiece for contouring & hemostasis
39
Q

Other differentials that can present as gingival hyperplasia

A
  • neoplasia
  • oral papilloma
  • operculum
    Need to send for histology
40
Q

What is operculum?

A

incomplete loss of gingival tissue during tooth eruption

41
Q

Home care after gingivectomy

A
  • NSAID
  • soft food
  • no chew toys fopr 2 weeks
  • no tooth brushing 1st week (chlorhexidine gel on teeth)
42
Q

What are some common canine oral mass?

A
  • hyperplastic gingiva
  • epilude (acanthotomatous, fibromatous)
  • papillomas
  • malignant melanoma
  • squamous cell carcinoma
  • fibrosarcoma
43
Q

What are some common feline oral mass?

A
  • eosinophilia granuloma
  • epiludes
  • squamous cell carcinoma
  • fibrosarcoma
44
Q

Protocol for mass discovery

A
  • radiograph to check fro bone involvement
  • note tooth mobility, displacement, tooth loss or tooth destruction
  • biopsy for histmpathology
45
Q

What does the peripheral odontogenic fibromas originate from?

A

periodontal ligament

46
Q

Characteristics of peripheral odontogenic fibromas

A
  • slow growing
  • non-invasive
  • no destruction of underlying bone
  • excision of mass not curative
47
Q

Treatment for peripheral odontogenic fibroma

A

excision, tooth extraction & removal of periodontal ligament

48
Q

What does decision on type of oral biopsy technique depend on?

A
  • location
  • size
  • appearance
  • adjacent structure
  • evidence of bone destruction
49
Q

Ratio for excised tissue & formalin fro biopsy

A

1:10 volume

Small Animal Primary Care (8 decks)

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