Dental radiograph Flashcards
What is the standard care for dental radiographs
- full mouth radiograph on every patient at every dental when periodontal disease is present
- radiograph both prior and post extraction
Dental radiograph analog
- silver halide films
- more time consumiing
- re-take needed
- chmically messy and require proper handling & storage
DR digital radiography system
- sensor plate (expensive)
- fast image aquisition
- sensor plate cumbersome with limited flexibility
CR digital radiography system
- phosphor plate w/ wide range plate size
- flexible for positioning easily
- image saved in the phosphor and become visible when put through Scan-X system
- repositioning of the entire plate necessary
- plate degrades overtime and are susceptible to scratches
What will affect the quality of the dental radiograph?
- positioning of the patient
- exposure
What can be the reason for the dental radiographs to be too dark?
- overexposure
- overdevelopment
What can cause the image to be too light?
- underexposure
- underdevelopment
What can cause dental radiographs to be blurred?
- movement of patient
- movement of the tube
- movement of film
The 3 important planes/ axis
- film/ sensor plate
- tooth
- xray beam
Why are radiographing the maxillary premolar/molars more challenging?
need bisecting angle to separate the mesial root of the triple rooted teeth
What is the bisecting angle technique?
creating a bisecting line between the angle of the xray plate and the tooth
- xray beam should be perpendicular to line
What causes foreshortening of the image?
vertical angle too large
What causes elongation?
vertical angle too small
Degree required to take canine radiograph
45 degree
Degree required to take maxillary molar/ premolar radiograph?
50-60 degree (tubehead directed caudal to rostral
Techniques for radiographing mandibular canines & incisors
- patient in dorsal
- plate flat in mouth
- tube head angle 70 degrees
- beam directed in rostral to caudal oblique for canine teeth
Techniques to radiograph premolar &molar in the mandible
parallel technique
Why are the rostral mandibular premolars difficult to take with the parallel technique?
symphysis
What are some normal anatomy of the teeth?
- periapical lucency of canine
- mental foramen
- mandibular canal
- palatine fissure
- mandibular symphysis
Why can peri-apical lucency of the canine visible on the radiograph?
chevron effect
What does the mandibular canal contain?
inferior alveolar artery, vein, & nerve
What are mandibular symphysis composed of?
fibrocartilaginous tissue
What is pupal calcification?
pulp stone in the colonal pulp
What to do if unsure whether something on the teeth is normal when taking dental rads?
- look at contralateral radiograph
- slightly change angle of radiograph
- submit radiograph to specialist
- recommend repeat radiograph in 3,6, or 12 months
What is horizontal bone loss?
- most common
- generalized across the arcade
- secondary to periodontal disease and host due to inflammatory response to bacterial infection
- expose furcation
What is vertical bone loss?
- loss of bone adjacent to tooth root
- lead to earlier onset of motility
What is periapical abscess?
- lucency around tooth root
- result of endodontic disease (tooth non-vitality or inflammation)
Where does periapical abscess commonly occur?
4th upper premolar, 1st upper molar & 1st mandibular molar
what causes pulpitis?
mechanical trauma to the tooth
What causes tooth fractures?
chewing on hard objects
Main concern of tooth fracture
pulp exposure & pain
What causes retained root?
- result from excessive force during extraction
- extreme tooth weakness
- ankylosis
What causes dentigerous cysts?
unerupted tooth
What can dentigerous cyst cause?
- fluid-filled cyst
- can cause considerable local bone destruction
What breed is predisposed to dentigerous cyst?
brachycephalic breed
Characteristics of ameloblastoma
- destroys periodontiumof adjacent teeth
- can differentiate from dentigerous cyst via gross appearance ( proliferation of gingiva)
