Dental equipment, charting & cleaning

Question 1

what does COHAT include?

Answer 1

• full oral exam
• periodontal examination & charting
• dental radiograph
• treatment (clinic or at home)

Question 2

What does “standard of care” mean?

Answer 2

level of care, caution, and judgment that a reasonable person would exercise in particular circumstance
- judgement by peer
- current scientific knowledge

Question 3

Why are masks important?

Answer 3

• ultrasonic scalers produce aerosols

Question 4

why are eye protections important for dentals?

Answer 4

protect from projectiles

Question 5

why are gloves important during dental?

Answer 5

decrease bacterial contamination

Question 6

What are some considerations needed for performing dental

Answer 6

• avoid performing close to sick/ compromised animals
• separate room in clinic
• avoid performing close to clean procedures

Question 7

What are dental probes used for?

Answer 7

measurement of peridontal pocket depth

Question 8

What are explorers used for?

Answer 8

• enhance tactile sensation
• used to investigate tooth surface

Question 9

Ultrasonic scaler characteristics

Answer 9

• oscillate above 20kHz
• water necessary to cool tip
• do not spend more than 5-10 seconds/ tooth

Question 10

Why can we only scale for 5-10s with ultrasonic scaler on each tooth?

Answer 10

• can cause pulpitis & possibly cause necrosis

Question 11

What should we do after scaling teeth to ensure no calculi or debris are left?

Answer 11

air the gingival sulcus

Question 12

What are hand scalers used for?

Answer 12

removal of plaque & calculi on the supragingival surface left behind ultrasonic scaler

Question 13

What are curette used for?

Answer 13

removal of plaque & calculi on the subgingival surface

Question 14

Why are currettes suitable for subgingival plaque/calculi removal?

Answer 14

blunted toe and are minimally traumatic when used correctly in the subgingival space

Question 15

What are extraction forceps used for/

Answer 15

• extraction
• remove heavy calculus

Question 16

Why is polishing necessary after scaling?

Answer 16

• scaling left micro-abrasion in enamel
• to prevent bacterial adhesion & plaque formation

Question 17

Why type of polish paste is preferred to polish teeth?

Answer 17

fine grit

Question 18

Technique for polishing teeth

Answer 18

slow speed & gentle touch

Question 19

What are high-speed drills used for?

Answer 19

• sectioning multi-rooted teeth & removal of alveolar bone for surgical extraction of teeth

Question 20

Why is high speed drill utilized for drilling teeth?

Answer 20

prevent heating, pressure, or vibration while engaging bur into tissue

Question 21

What are luxators &elevators used for?

Answer 21

break down periodontal ligament

Question 22

what is the function of luxation?

Answer 22

thin edge
- cut periodontal ligament

Question 23

What are elevators used for?

Answer 23

apical pressure & leverage to exhaust periodontal ligament attachment

Question 24

What are periosteal elevator used for?

Answer 24

lift periosteum from bone
- creation of periosteal flap for extraction of teeth & surgical closure of field

Question 25

Why do dental equipments require sharpening frequently?

Answer 25

Dull equipment:
- decrease efficiency
- increase risk of trauma to patients
- more broken tooth roots

Question 26

How often should we sharpen dental instruments?

Answer 26

at the end of every dental

Question 27

When should water & air be used with caution?

Answer 27

when used to clear blood or fluid from extractionsites
- risk of air emboli

Question 28

What type of water are used for dental procedures? Why?

Answer 28

• distilled water
• prevent mineral deposits on instruments

Question 29

Why is it important to check oropharynx, dentition & soft tissue prior to dental?

Answer 29

ensure no fracture of the jaw prior

Question 30

Why do we pack oropharynx with gauze prior to dental?

Answer 30

minimize debris from migrating area

Question 31

What is important to do with the gauze packed in the oropharynx during dental

Answer 31

• change frequently
• once soaked, no longer protective

Question 32

What does the chlorhexidine oral rinse do?

Answer 32

decrease bacterial load

Question 33

What is the dental chart considered as?

Answer 33

medical & legal record

Question 34

How can dental chart be helpful?

Answer 34

• record lesion, missing and treatment of teeth
• allows monitoring of treatment success & failures
• facilitate communication between vet

Question 35

Calculus scale on dental chart

Answer 35

1: <1/3 of crown covered
2. 1/3-2/3 covered
3: > 2/3

Question 36

ginigvitis scoring on dental chart

Answer 36

1: mild inflammation, slight colour change, no bleeding on probe
2: moderate inflammation, bleeding on probing
3: severe inflammation, tendency towards spontaneous hemorrhage

Question 37

How to measure periodontal pocket depth

Answer 37

• measure in mm by probe
• measure at least 4 faces

Question 38

normal sulcus depth for dogs

Answer 38

0- 3mm (size dependent)

Question 39

normal sulcus depth for cats

Answer 39

0- 0.5mm

Question 40

Measurement of gingival recession

Answer 40

measured in mm

Question 41

Measurement for furcation

Answer 41

Scale of 0-3
1: horizontal bone loss at furcation less than 1/3 of the tooth
2: horizontal bone loss at furcation greater thab 1/3 width of tooth; early radiographic changer
3: horizontal through& through destructionof the supporting tissue in the furcation