Dental equipment, charting & cleaning Flashcards
what does COHAT include?
- full oral exam
- periodontal examination & charting
- dental radiograph
- treatment (clinic or at home)
What does “standard of care” mean?
level of care, caution, and judgment that a reasonable person would exercise in particular circumstance
- judgement by peer
- current scientific knowledge
Why are masks important?
- ultrasonic scalers produce aerosols
why are eye protections important for dentals?
protect from projectiles
why are gloves important during dental?
decrease bacterial contamination
What are some considerations needed for performing dental
- avoid performing close to sick/ compromised animals
- separate room in clinic
- avoid performing close to clean procedures
What are dental probes used for?
measurement of peridontal pocket depth
What are explorers used for?
- enhance tactile sensation
- used to investigate tooth surface
Ultrasonic scaler characteristics
- oscillate above 20kHz
- water necessary to cool tip
- do not spend more than 5-10 seconds/ tooth
Why can we only scale for 5-10s with ultrasonic scaler on each tooth?
- can cause pulpitis & possibly cause necrosis
What should we do after scaling teeth to ensure no calculi or debris are left?
air the gingival sulcus
What are hand scalers used for?
removal of plaque & calculi on the supragingival surface left behind ultrasonic scaler
What are curette used for?
removal of plaque & calculi on the subgingival surface
Why are currettes suitable for subgingival plaque/calculi removal?
blunted toe and are minimally traumatic when used correctly in the subgingival space
What are extraction forceps used for/
- extraction
- remove heavy calculus
Why is polishing necessary after scaling?
- scaling left micro-abrasion in enamel
- to prevent bacterial adhesion & plaque formation
Why type of polish paste is preferred to polish teeth?
fine grit
Technique for polishing teeth
slow speed & gentle touch
What are high-speed drills used for?
- sectioning multi-rooted teeth & removal of alveolar bone for surgical extraction of teeth
Why is high speed drill utilized for drilling teeth?
prevent heating, pressure, or vibration while engaging bur into tissue
What are luxators &elevators used for?
break down periodontal ligament
what is the function of luxation?
thin edge
- cut periodontal ligament
What are elevators used for?
apical pressure & leverage to exhaust periodontal ligament attachment
What are periosteal elevator used for?
lift periosteum from bone
- creation of periosteal flap for extraction of teeth & surgical closure of field
Why do dental equipments require sharpening frequently?
Dull equipment:
- decrease efficiency
- increase risk of trauma to patients
- more broken tooth roots
How often should we sharpen dental instruments?
at the end of every dental
When should water & air be used with caution?
when used to clear blood or fluid from extractionsites
- risk of air emboli
What type of water are used for dental procedures? Why?
- distilled water
- prevent mineral deposits on instruments
Why is it important to check oropharynx, dentition & soft tissue prior to dental?
ensure no fracture of the jaw prior
Why do we pack oropharynx with gauze prior to dental?
minimize debris from migrating area
What is important to do with the gauze packed in the oropharynx during dental
- change frequently
- once soaked, no longer protective
What does the chlorhexidine oral rinse do?
decrease bacterial load
What is the dental chart considered as?
medical & legal record
How can dental chart be helpful?
- record lesion, missing and treatment of teeth
- allows monitoring of treatment success & failures
- facilitate communication between vet
Calculus scale on dental chart
1: <1/3 of crown covered
2. 1/3-2/3 covered
3: > 2/3
ginigvitis scoring on dental chart
1: mild inflammation, slight colour change, no bleeding on probe
2: moderate inflammation, bleeding on probing
3: severe inflammation, tendency towards spontaneous hemorrhage
How to measure periodontal pocket depth
- measure in mm by probe
- measure at least 4 faces
normal sulcus depth for dogs
0- 3mm (size dependent)
normal sulcus depth for cats
0- 0.5mm
Measurement of gingival recession
measured in mm
Measurement for furcation
Scale of 0-3
1: horizontal bone loss at furcation less than 1/3 of the tooth
2: horizontal bone loss at furcation greater thab 1/3 width of tooth; early radiographic changer
3: horizontal through& through destructionof the supporting tissue in the furcation
