small intestine Flashcards
the small intestine compromises of 3 parts what are they?
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
what is the primary function of the small intestine?
digestion and absorption
the small intestine is partially retroperitoneal, what does this mean?
occurring behind peritoneum
what type of membrane does the small intestine have and how does this aid its function?
serous membrane (mesothelium) - allows smoother movement and prevents friction
what is the parietal peritoneum of the small intestine?
portion that lines abdominal and pelvic cavities
what is the visceral peritoneum of the small intestine?
covers external surfaces of most abdominal organs
what is peritoneum?
thin membrane that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities, and covers most abdominal viscera
what is mesentery?
double layer of parietal peritoneum
what is omenta?
double fold of peritoneum, fatty tissue that hangs down, moves around and wraps round site of infection
what is chyme?
gunny stomach material mixed with Hal
what stomach liquid does the duodenum receive?
chyme
what part of the small intestine the the Brunner’s gland contained within?
duodenum
what is the function of the Brunner’s gland?
produce alkaline secretion which neutralise stomach juice
what is the sphincter of oddi?
muscular valve that controls flow of digestive juices
ducts from the pancreas and gall bladder enter the duodenum where?
major duodenal papilla
as pancreatic juices and made the they flow into the pancreatic duct which the goes onto join with which duct?
common bile duct
which two secretions enter the pancreas through the common bile duct?
bile and pancreatic juice
where does the duodenum end and the jejunum start?
duodenojejunal junction
what is the name of the hormone which stimulates release of bile into intestine and secretion of enzymes by the pancreas?
cholecystokinin
what is the function of the hormone cholecystokinin?
stimulates release of bile into intestine and secretion of enzymes by the pancreas by constricting the gallbladder and moving bile into the duodenum to digest fat
what re the 4 parts of the duodenum?
superior, descending, interior, ascending
why can problems in the duodenum be potentially catastrophic?
it is near major blood vessels
what is the name of the largest blood vessel in the body which drains everything under the heart?
inferior vena cava
what is a complication of the duodenum?
duodenal ulcer
where is the jejunum?
above bellybutton
where is the ileum?
bellow bellybutton towards groin
which compartment are the jejunum and ileum found in?
infra colic
what is the ileocaecal junction?
border between large and small intetsine
what is the function of the jejunum?
digestion (brush border enzymes) and absorption
what is the main function of the ileum?
absorption
name the structural layers of the small intestine
lumen, mucosa, submucosa, muscular externa, adventitia
what are the two plexuses in the small intestine?
sub mucous plexus and myenteric plexus
name the 3 projections of the small intestine that increase surface area
traverse folds, villi, microvilli
what happens when the projections of the small intestine are damaged?
patient cannot absorb nutrients
what is peyers patch?
collection of inflammatory cells in the wall of the ileum
what is the name of intestinal absorptive cells in the small intestine?
enterocytes
which epithelial cells are in the small intestine?
simple columnar
where are brush border enzymes found?
embedded in microvilli
what is the function of brush border enzymes?
allow digestion
what is the clinical term for outpouring of the ileal mucosa?
meckels diverticulum
what is the name for the abnormality which causes coeliac disease?
villous atrophy
patients with coeliac disease may complain of?
weight loss, diarrhoea, fatigue
where does the pancreatic duct join?
common bile duct
what do enzymes in pancreatic juice digest?
protein
what is the function of brush border enzymes?
digestion
the microvilli in the small intestine are known as?
brush border
what is the name of the group of inflammatory cells in the wall of the small intestine?
peyers patch
absorptive cells in the small intestine are known as?
enterocytes
