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anatomy - GIT 1 > small intestine > Flashcards

small intestine Flashcards

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1
Q

the small intestine compromises of 3 parts what are they?

A

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

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2
Q

what is the primary function of the small intestine?

A

digestion and absorption

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3
Q

the small intestine is partially retroperitoneal, what does this mean?

A

occurring behind peritoneum

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4
Q

what type of membrane does the small intestine have and how does this aid its function?

A

serous membrane (mesothelium) - allows smoother movement and prevents friction

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5
Q

what is the parietal peritoneum of the small intestine?

A

portion that lines abdominal and pelvic cavities

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6
Q

what is the visceral peritoneum of the small intestine?

A

covers external surfaces of most abdominal organs

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7
Q

what is peritoneum?

A

thin membrane that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities, and covers most abdominal viscera

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8
Q

what is mesentery?

A

double layer of parietal peritoneum

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9
Q

what is omenta?

A

double fold of peritoneum, fatty tissue that hangs down, moves around and wraps round site of infection

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10
Q

what is chyme?

A

gunny stomach material mixed with Hal

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11
Q

what stomach liquid does the duodenum receive?

A

chyme

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12
Q

what part of the small intestine the the Brunner’s gland contained within?

A

duodenum

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13
Q

what is the function of the Brunner’s gland?

A

produce alkaline secretion which neutralise stomach juice

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14
Q

what is the sphincter of oddi?

A

muscular valve that controls flow of digestive juices

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15
Q

ducts from the pancreas and gall bladder enter the duodenum where?

A

major duodenal papilla

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16
Q

as pancreatic juices and made the they flow into the pancreatic duct which the goes onto join with which duct?

A

common bile duct

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17
Q

which two secretions enter the pancreas through the common bile duct?

A

bile and pancreatic juice

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18
Q

where does the duodenum end and the jejunum start?

A

duodenojejunal junction

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19
Q

what is the name of the hormone which stimulates release of bile into intestine and secretion of enzymes by the pancreas?

A

cholecystokinin

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20
Q

what is the function of the hormone cholecystokinin?

A

stimulates release of bile into intestine and secretion of enzymes by the pancreas by constricting the gallbladder and moving bile into the duodenum to digest fat

21
Q

what re the 4 parts of the duodenum?

A

superior, descending, interior, ascending

22
Q

why can problems in the duodenum be potentially catastrophic?

A

it is near major blood vessels

23
Q

what is the name of the largest blood vessel in the body which drains everything under the heart?

A

inferior vena cava

24
Q

what is a complication of the duodenum?

A

duodenal ulcer

25
Q

where is the jejunum?

A

above bellybutton

26
Q

where is the ileum?

A

bellow bellybutton towards groin

27
Q

which compartment are the jejunum and ileum found in?

A

infra colic

28
Q

what is the ileocaecal junction?

A

border between large and small intetsine

29
Q

what is the function of the jejunum?

A

digestion (brush border enzymes) and absorption

30
Q

what is the main function of the ileum?

A

absorption

31
Q

name the structural layers of the small intestine

A

lumen, mucosa, submucosa, muscular externa, adventitia

32
Q

what are the two plexuses in the small intestine?

A

sub mucous plexus and myenteric plexus

33
Q

name the 3 projections of the small intestine that increase surface area

A

traverse folds, villi, microvilli

34
Q

what happens when the projections of the small intestine are damaged?

A

patient cannot absorb nutrients

35
Q

what is peyers patch?

A

collection of inflammatory cells in the wall of the ileum

36
Q

what is the name of intestinal absorptive cells in the small intestine?

A

enterocytes

37
Q

which epithelial cells are in the small intestine?

A

simple columnar

38
Q

where are brush border enzymes found?

A

embedded in microvilli

39
Q

what is the function of brush border enzymes?

A

allow digestion

40
Q

what is the clinical term for outpouring of the ileal mucosa?

A

meckels diverticulum

41
Q

what is the name for the abnormality which causes coeliac disease?

A

villous atrophy

42
Q

patients with coeliac disease may complain of?

A

weight loss, diarrhoea, fatigue

43
Q

where does the pancreatic duct join?

A

common bile duct

44
Q

what do enzymes in pancreatic juice digest?

A

protein

45
Q

what is the function of brush border enzymes?

A

digestion

46
Q

the microvilli in the small intestine are known as?

A

brush border

47
Q

what is the name of the group of inflammatory cells in the wall of the small intestine?

A

peyers patch

48
Q

absorptive cells in the small intestine are known as?

A

enterocytes

anatomy - GIT 1 (12 decks)

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