large intestine Flashcards
which part of the large intestine receives chyme from the ileum?
caecum
what is the first section of the large intestine called?
ascending colon
what is the second section of the large intestine called?
transverse colon
what is the third section of the large intestine called?
descending colon
what is the s-shaped part of the large intestine at the end called?
sigmoid
what is the turn in the large intestine at the liver called?
hepatic flexure
what is the bend in the large intestine at the spleen called?
splenic flexure
what is the longitudinal muscle of the large intestine called?
taenia coli
inner circular muscle make up what structure of the large intestine?
haustrations
what are the fatty tags on the large intestine called?
appendice epipliocae
what are the collection of blood vessels in the anus called?
internal hemorrhoidal plexus
what are the 2 anal sphincters called?
external and internal sphincters
which anal sphincter is voluntary?
external
which anal sphincter is involuntary?
internal
why are children not fully competent till 2 years old?
nerves have not fully developed
what is the auction between the small and large intestine called?
ileo-ceacal junction or valve
why is the ileo-ceacal valve not a true valve?
it does not open and close
which structure leads off from the caecum?
appendix
what is the main function of the large intestine?
fluid absorption
in which ways are the structures of the small and large intestine similar?
. same epithelium with goblet cells
. intestinal crypts of leibemkuhn
. mucosal glands
what type of epithelium is present in the large intestine?
simple columnar
what are dips in the epithelial lining of the the large and small intestine called?
intestinal crypts of leibemkuhn
in which ways are the structures of the small and large intestine different?
. no villi in large
. incomplete layer of longitudinal muscle (tania coli)
. ring like arrangement of circular muscle (haustrae)
. small ecoli in large
which area of the large intestine is most prone to cancer and why?
recto-anal junction as there is an abrupt change in epithelium
what does the colon absorb from chyme?
fluid and electrolytes
what clinical condition is caused by failure to reabsorb in the large intestine?
diarrhoea
what is the intestinal flora?
resident microbial population of the large intestine
what is the function of the intestinal flora?
. ferment dietary fibre (cellulose) and lipid
. produce gas by bacterial fermentation
. synthesise vitamin k and b
what is the function of vitamin B?
cell metabolism (b12)
what is the function of vitamin K?
blood clotting
what are the 3 types of movement carried out by the large intestine?
mixing, propulsive, mass movement
how does the large intestine carry out mixing movement?
local contraction of circular muscle,
how does the large intestine carry out propulsive movement?
peristalsis (short range in traverse and descending colon)
how does the large intestine carry out mass movement?
infrequent more sustained contractions after meals, move chyme/faeces from proximal colon to distal colon
what is the ejection of faecal matter from the rectum via the anal canal known as?
defaecation
which muscle are the rectum and internal anal sphincter made of?
smooth
what type of muscle is the external sphincter made of?
striated
what is a colonoscopy?
surgical procedure bringing 1 end of large intestine out through abdominal wall
what is the name of the surgical procedure which involves bringing the end or loop of the small intestine out through the abdominal wall?
ileostomy
what is the name for an artificial hole in the abdomen that allows faeces to be disposed through?
stoma
what is diarrhoea mainly caused by?
GIT infection
in what way may diarrhoea be caused as a result of the large intestine?
failure to reabsorb, reduced colonic motility - less mixing - less fluid absorption
what may constipation be caused by?
increase fluid absorption, GIT spasm, side effect of drugs such as opiates, dietary fibre
