Small holder cases SDL

Question 1

T/F ‘star gazing’ is normal in goats

Answer 1

True

Question 2

describe star gazing in goats

Answer 2

looking upwards and then rotating their heads through an angle of at least 180 degrees is considered normal

Question 3

what are the 2 most common causes of lungworm in goats

Answer 3

Dictyocaulus filaria
Muellerius capillaris

Question 4

T/F Joint enlargement in goats, especially those over 1 year of age, can be a feature of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) infection

Answer 4

True

Question 5

T/F Pseudopregnancy (also known as pseudocyesis, false pregnancy and hydrometra) is extremely rare in goats

Answer 5

False - common in gaots

Question 6

List the common common sites for uroliths in goats

Answer 6

urethral process
sigmoid flexure

Question 7

Where does Psoroptic manage generally affect in goats

Answer 7

inner surface of the pinnae of ear

Question 8

T/F You would normally palpate the submandibular artery to measure the heart rate in goats

Answer 8

False- normally use the femoral artery

Question 9

T/F Intersexes are very rare in goats

Answer 9

False- quite common in goats

Question 10

what is the normal pulse rate of a goat

Answer 10

70-90bpm

Question 11

List 6 things that can prevent the formation of uroliths in goats

Answer 11

Reduce phosphorus in diet
Introduce ammonium chloride into diet
Reduce magnesium in diet
Reduce concentrate feeding
Offer the goats salt licks
Offer more forage

Question 12

T/F ideally, male pet pigs should be castrated at about 10 days of age

Answer 12

True

Question 13

T/F Vietnamese potbellied pigs reach puberty at four months of age

Answer 13

True- this is 2 months before commercial pigs

Question 14

what must all pet pigs be vaccinated against

Answer 14

Erysipelas - An initial course of two injections, followed by a six monthly booster will prevent the appearance of erysipelas infection, however, the vaccine does not protect against lameness associated with the condition.

Question 15

How often should pigs that live outdoors/ excericsed outside be wormed

Answer 15

every 4-6 months - use FEC

Question 16

what should you use to worm pigs

Answer 16

avermectin- also covers mange
benzimidazoles- if protection against mange is not needed

Question 17

How do you normally examine a pet pig

Answer 17

on their backs

Question 18

what is the normal pulse rate of a weaned pig

Answer 18

80-100bpm

Question 19

What mite causes mange in pigs

Answer 19

sarcoptes scabiei var suis

Question 20

how does mange in pigs often present

Answer 20

pruritus
yellowish-brown deposit on the skin, particularly in and around the ears

Question 21

what % of their time should pigs spend walking searching for food

Answer 21

60%- so should be fed over wide area to help maintain good BCS

Question 22

T/F Diarrhoea can be a serious problem in young pigs and is often associated with Coronavirus

Answer 22

False- commonly caused by Eschericha coli

Question 23

What should be suspected if a pig suddenly becomes sick, has a high rectal temp and walks stiffly

Answer 23

Erysipelas

Question 24

T/F pet pigs are commonly underweight

Answer 24

False- obesity a big problem with pet pigs

Question 25

what are the 2 major sites for jugular venipuncture in camelids

Answer 25

low on the neck near the thoracic inlet high near the ramus of the mandible

Question 26

what can interefere with jugular venipuncture near the ramus of mandible

Answer 26

valves

Question 27

T/F Pulse evaluation is not used in camelids, because there are no readily accessible arteries

Answer 27

True

Question 28

T/F Normal lung sounds are muted in camelids and may be difficult to hear

Answer 28

True

Question 29

where is respiratory rate best established in camelids

Answer 29

placing the stethoscope over the trachea at the thoracic inlet.

Question 30

T/F Camelids are unable to open the mouth wide enough to make possible a more than cursory examination of the oral cavity.

Answer 30

True

Question 31

what is the normal body temp of camelids

Answer 31

37.5 – 38.9 celcius although it can sometimes be as high as 40oC

Question 32

How do you accomplish gastric intubation in camelids

Answer 32

via the oral cavity. The nasal cavity is narrow and precludes passage of any except small tubes

Question 33

T/F Camelids use a communal dung heap for both urination and defecation

Answer 33

True

Question 34

What is the normal gastric motility rate in camelids

Answer 34

three to four per minute, which increases slightly after feeding

Question 35

What is an effective treatment for sarcoptic mange in camelids

Answer 35

Ivermectin injections of 0.5 to 0.6 mg/kg every seven to 10 days for three to four treatments

Question 36

At what age are tooth root abscesses most common in camelids

Answer 36

between 2 to 5 years old

Question 37

What do sucking lice cause in camelids

Answer 37

pruritus and anaemia

Question 38

what can sucking lice be treated with in camelids

Answer 38

injectable avermectins

Question 39

how can chewing lice be treated in camelids

Answer 39

topical products produced for use in other species should be used

Question 40

T/F Lesions affecting the distal small intestine or spiral colon are likely to cause the most severe clinical signs of colic in camelids

Answer 40

True

Question 41

What faecal test is used in camelids and why

Answer 41

modified Stoll's because passive float tests are too insensitive

Question 42

what GI nematode causes anaemia in camelids

Answer 42

Haemonchus spp

Question 43

T/F Camelids appear to be particularly sensitive to stress and may develop ulceration of the second compartment (C2)

Answer 43

False - C3

Question 44

What is a recommended treatment protocol for tooth root abscesses in camelids

Answer 44

subcutaneous florfenicol at a dose of 20 mg/kg every other day

Question 45

T/F The innate immunity of camelids to parasitism is lower than that of sheep

Answer 45

True - so when co grazed with sheep, camelids are more likely to succumb to clinical disease due to increased parasite exposure

Question 46

List 4 coccidia which affect camelids

Answer 46

Eimeria punoensis Eimeria alpaca Eimeria lamae Eimeria macusaniensis

Question 47

Where should you take a peritoneal tap in camelids

Answer 47

one hand’s breadth caudal to the last rib on the right flank, one-third to one-half of the way from the midline

Question 48

In what goats are urinary calculi most commonly seen

Answer 48

castrated males

Question 49

list 3 predispositions of urinary calculi in goats

Answer 49

diets high in phosphorous, magnesium and low in calcium restricted water supply recent urinary infection

Question 50

List the 5 treatment options there are for urinary calculi in goats

Answer 50

Euthanasia conservative treatment with buscopan, IVFT, broad spectrum abs and NSAIDs urethrotomy perineal urethrostomy cystotomy and tube cystotomy

Question 51

What is the prognosis for urinary calculi in goats

Answer 51

Has a guarded prognosis and likely an expensive surgery- not very economically viable

Question 52

List 2 ways to prevent mange in camelids

Answer 52

avoid contact with other animals at shows Adequate quarantine procedures after transport- due to stress causing immunosuppression

Question 53

in what regions do lesions of mange tend to show in camelids

Answer 53

inguinal perineal axilla ventral

Question 54

What causes dermatophilosis in camelids

Answer 54

dermatophilus congolensis

Question 55

when are camelids particularly prone to dermatophilosis

Answer 55

following wet weather

Question 56

Describe how mites/ mange is treated in pigs

Answer 56

2 injections of avermectin 14 days apart Animals isolated until confirmed mange free

Question 57

what causes diamond shaped lesions on the skin of pigs

Answer 57

Erysipela

Question 58

what do we need to warn owners about regarding erysipela in pigs

Answer 58

It is zoonotic

Question 59

describe how erysipela is treated in pigs

Answer 59

penicillin and tylosin