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6-FA- Production diseases > Iceberg diseases in sheep > Flashcards

Iceberg diseases in sheep Flashcards

1
Q

list the 5 iceberg disease in sheep

A

Maedi Visna
Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma
Caseous lymphadenitis
Ovine Johnes disease
border disease

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2
Q

if you see wasting, respiratory and neurological signs in sheep which oceberg disease should you suspect

A

Maedi visna

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3
Q

What cause maedi visna

A

lentivirus

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4
Q

what is the main transmission method of maedi visna

A

oronasal
but can be spread through colostrum/ milk

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5
Q

how do you test for maedi visna

A

serological diagnosis - variable
antibodies produced within weeks to months but tend to wax and wane

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6
Q

list 4 was to control maedi visna

A

purchasing from accredited flocks
monitoring and culling positive animals
reducing stocking density
prevent contact with neighbouring flocks

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7
Q

List 4 management changes you can do in flocks with high level of infection of maedi visna

A

keep flock young
splint into older and younger sheep for management
cull thin/ suspect cases
run a less intensive system to reduce spread

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8
Q

what causes Ovine Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma

A

a retrovirus

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9
Q

describe how Ovine Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma is spread

A

mainly aerosol
can be spread through milk and colostrum

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10
Q

what does Ovine Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma cause

A

neoplastic proliferation of lung cells = adenocarcinoma

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11
Q

list the clinical signs of Ovine Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma

A

laboured breathing
increased resp rate
ill thrift
sudden death

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12
Q

how long is the incubation period of Ovine Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma

A

6 months to several years

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13
Q

how can you diagnose Ovine Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma

A

no blood test
lung ultrasonography
post-mortum only definitive way to diagnose

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14
Q

list 4 control methods of Ovine Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma

A

identify and cull infected and offspring
manage in single age groups
reduce close contact
snatch lambing and rear artificially - hard work

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15
Q

what causes Caseous Lymphadenitis (CLA)

A

corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

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16
Q

how is Caseous Lymphadenitis (CLA) spread

A

skin abrasions- often at shearing
inhalation
ingestion

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17
Q

what does Caseous Lymphadenitis (CLA) form

A

abscesses in lymph nodes with characteristic green pus typically around the head and neck

18
Q

describe how to diagnose Caseous Lymphadenitis (CLA)

A

bacteriology of draining abscess
serology- has high specifiicity but low sensitivity

19
Q

list 3 methods to control Caseous Lymphadenitis (CLA)

A

buy from trusted sources
boundary biosecurity
separating infected animals

20
Q

why do you need to be careful with Caseous Lymphadenitis (CLA)

A

zoonotic - rarely reported in people

21
Q

T/F there is a vaccine against Caseous Lymphadenitis (CLA)

A

True - but not available in UK
protection of it varies

22
Q

what causes Ovine Johne’s disease

A

mycobacterium avium spp Paratuberculosis (MAP)
sheep are susceptible to both bovine and ovine strains

23
Q

what does Ovine Johne’s disease cause

A

inflammation in gut
reduced fertility
weight loss
DON’T see scouring like you would in cows

24
Q

why do you need to be careful about grazing johnes cattle with sheep

A

zoonotic- sheep susceptible to cow strain

25
Q

how is Ovine Johne’s disease spread

A

mainly faeco-oral
can be passed via milk/colostrum
lambs infected early on in life
transplacental- only 10 %

26
Q

at what age is Ovine Johne’s disease generally seen

A

animals over 2-3 yrs of age

27
Q

describe how Ovine Johne’s disease can be diagnosed

A

serology- but antibodies level often remian low until clinical disease
Faecal PCR – unclear how much bacteria correlates with disease.- may be better used on farm level
PM most definitive.

28
Q

List 5 control challenges seen with Ovine Johne’s disease

A

low sensitivity of diagnostic tests
inability to detect subclinical animals
practicalities of testing entire flock
snatch lambing not practical
contact between sheep and cattle ( co-grazing/ slurry)

29
Q

List 5 control solurtions to Ovine Johne’s disease

A

Lamb old/thin/ high risk ewes away from rest of flock
select replacement from younger ewes
cull low BCS ewes
maintain good hygiene and clean bedding
vaccination- reduces shedding and clinical signs (not infection)

30
Q

Are cows resistant to the sheep strain of Johnes disease

A

show some resistance

31
Q

T/F Johnes and both sheep and cattle causes scour

A

False -
Cows - yes show scour
Sheep- no don’t show scour as clinical sign

32
Q

what is a problem with the vaccine against Ovine Johne’s disease

A

there is no DIVA so can’t differentiate between infected and vaccinated animals

33
Q

what causes Border disease

A

pestivirus
is similar to BVD in cattle

34
Q

what is seen with Border disease

A

hairy shaker lambs
poor ewe fertility
high levels of abortions or weak lambs

35
Q

how is Border disease spread

A

respiratory secretions
transplacental
dam to offspring during peri-parturient period
via semen of PI rams

36
Q

what do you see with PI sheep with Border disease

A

will be positive for antigen but negative for antibodies

37
Q

how do you diagnose Border disease

A

detection of antibody or antigen

38
Q

how is Border disease similar to BVD in cattle

A

if pregnant sheep depending on where she is in gestation 3 things can happen
abortion
PI lamb
Or lamb normal

39
Q

describe control methods of Border disease

A

Tag and test- not validated and not very practical
BVD vaccines- no published evidence
don’t retain breeding females from lamb crops with affected cases
optimise nutrition and parasite control- reduces risk of transmission

40
Q

at what point of gestation does the production of PI Border disease animals occur

A

0-60 days

41
Q

what are the 4 impacts of iceberg diseases

A

animal welfare
reproductive efficiency
longevity
lamb health

42
Q

list 5 general control strategies for iceberg diseases

A

biosecurity
testing/ accreditation
screen cull ewes and fallen stock
screen bought-in animals
Quarantine- keep purchased females separate from pregnant ones until after lambing

6-FA- Production diseases (13 decks)

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