Routine husbandry procedures Flashcards
Where should ear tags be placed in calves
between the 2 cartilage ribs which run the length of the ear
in its middle third
avoid the blood vessels
describe TB reactor tags
have unique identifier recorded by the vet
collects a tissue sample
will be green
animal tagged at time that reactor identified
List 2 complications of tagging
Infection
Trauma
describe how to treat a infection due to tagging
lance abscess
clean with antibacterial washes
topical antibiotics
Bad cases- NSAIDs and broad spectrum antibiotics, remove tag
Describe how to treat haemorrhage due to ripping out tag
clean
clamp or tie off vessels
compression
at what age should bulls get a nose-ring
any age but best 6-12 months
all adults should be rung to aid safe handling
how can you sedate a bull for placing a nose ring
xylazine/ detomidine
lower dose than for a cow of same weight as bulls more sensitive
only really needed for fractious animals
describe anaesthesia used when placing nose ring in bulls
infraorbital nerve block - both sides, around 20ml per site, flood the area around the infraorbital foramen
What are the 4 methods to place a bull nose ring
nose punch
The sharp end of the ring is driven through the septum by hand
The sharp end of the ring is driven through the septum using a applicator designed specifically for the job
A scalpel blade (size 11) is used to cut a slit through which the ring is passed
where should a bull nose ring be placed
through the soft tissue of the nasal septum in front of the cartilage - not in cartilage itself
what can occur if you don’t fully clean area when placing bull ring
pituitary abscess - very rare but can’t be treated and animals will be euthanised
been linked to dirty bull rings being placed
list 2 things that you need to do with aftercare for bull nose ring
the septum must be allowed to heal before the ring is used to restrain the animal
they can tear the ring- most will heal by secondary intension
under what act is it illegal to disbud without anaesthetic
Under The Protection of Animals (Anaesthetics) Act 1954
what nerve blocks should be used for dehorning cows
corneal nerve block
Subcutaneous branches of second cervical nerve- caudal aspect of horn
what are barnes dehorners used for
used to remove small to medium/large horns quickly- require strength to operate
List 4 haemostasis methods in cows during dehorning
Grasp and pull or twist the artery slowly with haemostats causing them to break below the bone line where they clot
Work around the wound circumferentially with a hot iron
Apply a tourniquet around the base of the horns and the poll with baler twine or bands
cobwebs
describe the aftercare with dehorning
oxytetracycline spray/ aluminium spray
clean environment
stress should be minimised
animals should be regularly checked during first 24 hours to ensure haemorrhage has stopped
what do you need to be careful about when dehorning cows with large horns
In large horns the frontal sinus extends into the horn and is therefore left open following dehorning. Animals should be fed off the floor and not from a rack to prevent foreign material falling into the sinus
list 4 potential complications of dehorning cattle
haemorrhage
infection at the surgical site -rarely significant problem
sinusitis
fly strike
which local anaesthetic is used for dehorning cattle
procaine
T/F haemorrhage is significantly less if a wire is used
True - heat and dust generated limit bleeding
when do goats need to be disbudded
within first week of life
describe anaesthesia for goat disbudding
anaesthetise with gas following a pre-med of Xylazine, administer analgesia, then to remove the horn buds with electrocautery
how big a diameter do you need when disbudding goats
You must take a large diameter of approx. 25mm from the centre of the horn bud
