Small Chemistry unit

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

Anything that has mass and takes up space

Question 2

Mass

Answer 2

measures how much matter an object has in grams- different from weight

Question 3

Element

Answer 3

Type of matter that has specific properties and cannot be broken down chemically into a simpler form

Question 4

Atom

Answer 4

One single unit of an element- the smallest form that still has all the chemical properties of the element

Question 5

Parts of an atom

Answer 5

Proton (positive), neutron (neutral), electron (negative)

Question 6

How many electrons are in the first shell?

Answer 6

2 electrons

Question 7

How many electrons are in the second shell?

Answer 7

8 electrons

Question 8

How many electrons are in the 3rd shell

Answer 8

18 or 8 to make it happy

Question 9

Valance Electrons

Answer 9

The electrons that are located in the outer shell that can be shared with another atom.

Question 10

What are Valance electrons responsible for?

Answer 10

Chemical bonding and chemical reactions

Question 11

What are the types of chemical bonds

Answer 11

Ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and hydrogen bonds. Then the polar covalent bond and non- polar covalent bonds.

Question 12

What are covalent chemical bonds?

ATOMS SHARE _________

Answer 12

Strongest type of bonds and atoms share valence electrons

Question 13

What is a complex molecule?

Answer 13

Primarily made of carbon bonded to other elements

Question 14

What are the Macromolecules?

Answer 14

Carbohydrates, lipids, protein, nucleic acid (DNA)

Question 15

Monomers

Answer 15

A molecule that bonds to another identical molecule to form a polymer

Question 16

Polymers

Answer 16

A very large molecule (Macro) and made of monomers

Question 17

MonoSaccharides

Answer 17

Single sugar molecule

Question 18

Disaccharides

Answer 18

2 monomers bonded together

Question 19

Polysaccharides

Answer 19

More than two monomers joined together

Question 20

Chemical reactions

Answer 20

The process of making or breaking a molecule (Chemical changes). ENERGY IS STORED OR RELEASED

Question 21

Reactants

Answer 21

Parts of a chemical reaction that you start with (They react)

Question 22

Products

Answer 22

Parts of a chemical reaction that you end with (They are produced)

Question 23

Irreversible

Answer 23

Cause permanent changes, reactions happen in ONE direction ONLY

Question 24

Reversible

Answer 24

Meaning that the same starting material can be produced again

Question 25

Dehydration synthesis

Answer 25

A WATER molecule is released at EVERY chemical bond site. creates larger molecules from smaller monomers

Question 26

hydrolosis

Answer 26

Breaks molecules apart by ADDING WATER.

Question 27

What do lipids contain

Answer 27

Glycerol backbone 2 or 3 fatty acids attached to the glycerol

Question 28

Lipid function

Answer 28

* Building blocks of membranes including the cell membrane * Long term energy storage * Insulation * Helps absorb nutrients

Question 29

Which part of the atoms interact to form bonds?

Answer 29

Valence Electrons

Question 30

Building blocks of proteins?

Answer 30

Amino acids

Question 31

Building blocks of nucleic acid?

Answer 31

Nucleotides

Question 32

Monomer vs. Polymer

Answer 32

Monomer is the building blocks of Polymers (Lego blocks are the MONOMERS the lego HOUSE is the POLYMER)

Question 33

What do the atomic number and atomic weight tell us about each element?

Answer 33

Atomic NUMBER: how many PROTONS Atomic WEIGHT: how many protons AND neutrons IMPORTANCE: stability

Question 34

How do we determine the amount of electrons in an atom?

Answer 34

*Electrons are EQUAL to the number of protons. * Atomic number=Protons

Question 35

What are valence electrons? What are they responsible for?

Answer 35

*Electrons that are located in the outer shell *RESPONSIBLE for chemical bonding

Question 36

How does chemical bonding work? (gaining, sharing, losing)

Answer 36

*Sharing= atoms attached by two or more atoms * Gaining= makes more negative * Losing= Makes more positive

Question 37

How many bonds do hydrogen, oxygen and carbon make? Why?

Answer 37

HYDROGEN- 1 OXYGEN- 2 CARBON- 4 They can make these bonds because of how many valence electrons there are

Question 38

What are organic molecules?

Answer 38

Organic molecules must contain carbon atoms covalently bonded to hydrogen atoms

Question 39

Simple carbs

Answer 39

Broken down quickly by the human body (Fruits and Milk)

Question 40

Complex carbs

Answer 40

sugar molecules that are strung together in long, complex chains (peas, beans, whole grains)

Question 41

Chemistry of unsaturated fats

Answer 41

unsaturated bond is much more chemically active, readily oxidized by the body

Question 42

Chemistry of saturated fats

Answer 42

Very stable, don't react with other molecules easily, don't react with most chemicals

Question 43

Chemistry of trans fats

Answer 43

Humans cant break trans fats down due to no enzyme.

Question 44

What are the types of Chemical bonds that can be made?

Answer 44

Hydrogen (weakest),Ionic, Covalent (Strongest)

Question 45

How strong are covalent bonds? What do they do?

Answer 45

Strongest type, atoms share valence electrons

Question 46

How strong are Hydrogen bonds? What do they do?

Answer 46

Weak attractions between slightly negative and slightly positive parts of a molecule

Question 47

How strong are Ionic bonds? What do they do?

Answer 47

An atom takes an electron from another atom. Creates a bond between opposite charge atoms.

Question 48

Monounsaturated

Answer 48

1 bond- more dense

Question 49

Polyunsaturated

Answer 49

Multiple bonds - less dens

Question 50

Polysaccharide

Answer 50

Huge carbohydrate