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Biology > Small Chemistry unit > Flashcards

Small Chemistry unit Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Matter

A

Anything that has mass and takes up space

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2
Q

Mass

A

measures how much matter an object has in grams- different from weight

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3
Q

Element

A

Type of matter that has specific properties and cannot be broken down chemically into a simpler form

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4
Q

Atom

A

One single unit of an element- the smallest form that still has all the chemical properties of the element

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5
Q

Parts of an atom

A

Proton (positive), neutron (neutral), electron (negative)

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6
Q

How many electrons are in the first shell?

A

2 electrons

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7
Q

How many electrons are in the second shell?

A

8 electrons

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8
Q

How many electrons are in the 3rd shell

A

18 or 8 to make it happy

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9
Q

Valance Electrons

A

The electrons that are located in the outer shell that can be shared with another atom.

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10
Q

What are Valance electrons responsible for?

A

Chemical bonding and chemical reactions

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11
Q

What are the types of chemical bonds

A

Ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and hydrogen bonds. Then the polar covalent bond and non- polar covalent bonds.

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12
Q

What are covalent chemical bonds?

ATOMS SHARE _________

A

Strongest type of bonds and atoms share valence electrons

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13
Q

What is a complex molecule?

A

Primarily made of carbon bonded to other elements

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14
Q

What are the Macromolecules?

A

Carbohydrates, lipids, protein, nucleic acid (DNA)

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15
Q

Monomers

A

A molecule that bonds to another identical molecule to form a polymer

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16
Q

Polymers

A

A very large molecule (Macro) and made of monomers

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17
Q

MonoSaccharides

A

Single sugar molecule

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18
Q

Disaccharides

A

2 monomers bonded together

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19
Q

Polysaccharides

A

More than two monomers joined together

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20
Q

Chemical reactions

A

The process of making or breaking a molecule (Chemical changes). ENERGY IS STORED OR RELEASED

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21
Q

Reactants

A

Parts of a chemical reaction that you start with (They react)

22
Q

Products

A

Parts of a chemical reaction that you end with (They are produced)

23
Q

Irreversible

A

Cause permanent changes, reactions happen in ONE direction ONLY

24
Q

Reversible

A

Meaning that the same starting material can be produced again

25
Q

Dehydration synthesis

A

A WATER molecule is released at EVERY chemical bond site. creates larger molecules from smaller monomers

26
Q

hydrolosis

A

Breaks molecules apart by ADDING WATER.

27
Q

What do lipids contain

A

Glycerol backbone
2 or 3 fatty acids attached to the glycerol

28
Q

Lipid function

A
  • Building blocks of membranes including the cell membrane
  • Long term energy storage
  • Insulation
  • Helps absorb nutrients
29
Q

Which part of the atoms interact to form bonds?

A

Valence Electrons

30
Q

Building blocks of proteins?

A

Amino acids

31
Q

Building blocks of nucleic acid?

A

Nucleotides

32
Q

Monomer vs. Polymer

A

Monomer is the building blocks of Polymers (Lego blocks are the MONOMERS the lego HOUSE is the POLYMER)

33
Q

What do the atomic number and atomic weight tell us about each element?

A

Atomic NUMBER: how many PROTONS
Atomic WEIGHT: how many protons AND neutrons
IMPORTANCE: stability

34
Q

How do we determine the amount of electrons in an atom?

A

*Electrons are EQUAL to the number of protons.
* Atomic number=Protons

35
Q

What are valence electrons? What are they responsible for?

A

*Electrons that are located in the outer shell
*RESPONSIBLE for chemical bonding

36
Q

How does chemical bonding work? (gaining, sharing, losing)

A

*Sharing= atoms attached by two or more atoms
* Gaining= makes more negative
* Losing= Makes more positive

37
Q

How many bonds do hydrogen, oxygen and carbon make? Why?

A

HYDROGEN- 1
OXYGEN- 2
CARBON- 4
They can make these bonds because of how many valence electrons there are

38
Q

What are organic molecules?

A

Organic molecules must contain carbon atoms covalently bonded to hydrogen atoms

39
Q

Simple carbs

A

Broken down quickly by the human body (Fruits and Milk)

40
Q

Complex carbs

A

sugar molecules that are strung together in long, complex chains (peas, beans, whole grains)

41
Q

Chemistry of unsaturated fats

A

unsaturated bond is much more chemically active, readily oxidized by the body

42
Q

Chemistry of saturated fats

A

Very stable, don’t react with other molecules easily, don’t react with most chemicals

43
Q

Chemistry of trans fats

A

Humans cant break trans fats down due to no enzyme.

44
Q

What are the types of Chemical bonds that can be made?

A

Hydrogen (weakest),Ionic, Covalent (Strongest)

45
Q

How strong are covalent bonds? What do they do?

A

Strongest type, atoms share valence electrons

46
Q

How strong are Hydrogen bonds? What do they do?

A

Weak attractions between slightly negative and slightly positive parts of a molecule

47
Q

How strong are Ionic bonds? What do they do?

A

An atom takes an electron from another atom. Creates a bond between opposite charge atoms.

48
Q

Monounsaturated

A

1 bond- more dense

49
Q

Polyunsaturated

A

Multiple bonds - less dens

50
Q

Polysaccharide

A

Huge carbohydrate

Biology (8 decks)

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