Midterm Flashcards

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1
Q

What type of cells are YOU made of; eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

A

Eukaryotic, a cell that contains membrane-bound structures, base for multicellular organism: animals, plants, and humans as well as some unicellular organisms.

Eukaryotic cells are more complex than prokaryotic cells

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2
Q

What is the basic structure of eukaryotic cells?

A

Has mitochondria, chloroplasts, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes. They all float around in cytosol.

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3
Q

What is ATP?
Where is it generated in the cell?

A

ATP: Ardenosine Triphosphate, An energy source that cells use for most of their work.
ATP is made in the mitochondria. (Powerhouse of the Cell)

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4
Q

The equation for cellular respiration - what goes in and what comes out?

A

6 CO2 + 12 H2O + light —> C6H12O6 + 6 H2O + 6 O2.

Goal is to create ATP
Occurs in all living things

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5
Q

Nucleus

A

Cell organelle that houses DNA and directs synthesis of ribosomes and proteins

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6
Q

Mitochondria

A

The organelles in which nutrients are converted to energy.
ATP production/cellular respiration

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7
Q

Ribosomes

A

Non-membrane-bounded organelles responsible for protein synthesis.

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8
Q

Nucleic Acids

A

The storage and expression of genomic information.

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9
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyriboneucleic acid found mainly in the nucleus

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10
Q

Cell Membrane

A

Thin, flexible barrier that surrounds the cell and controls what goes in and out; found in animal cells

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11
Q

Where are proteins made in the cell?

A

Ribosomes

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12
Q

What are Proteins monomers (building blocks)?

A

Amino Acids - Consist of an amino group, carboxyl group, and a side chain - R (20 different R side chains = 20 different amino acids)

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13
Q

What is the role that DNA plays in the making of a protein (amino acid sequence)

Main role of _____ is to

A

The main role of DNA is to carry genetic information and dictate the process of protein synthesis.

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14
Q

How can a mutation in DNA affect proper protein synthesis (the making of a protein) AND its proper function.

A

When a mutation occurs in DNA, it can change the instructions for making proteins: transcription and translation.

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15
Q

Phospholipid

A

A major membrane lipids that consist of lipid bilayers which acts as a barrier to protect the cell against various environmental insults.

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16
Q

Proteins

A
  • Helps repair and build body tissue
  • Transporting materials
  • Aid the immune system (antibodies)
  • Structures in the cell membrane
17
Q
A
18
Q

CholeSterol

A

A type of Lipid
-Steroids
Fat-like, waxy substance that helps your body make cell membranes, many hormones, and vitamin D. The cholesterol in your blood comes from two sources: the foods you eat and your liver.

19
Q

The Fluid Mosaic Model

describes structure of?

A

Describes the structure of the plasma membrane as a mosaic of components —including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates—that gives the membrane a fluid character

20
Q

Passive Transport

dictates of ____ and ______

A

Movement of molecules through the plasma membrane according to the dictates of osmosis or diffusion.

21
Q

Diffusion

_______to __________

A

The random motion of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

22
Q

OSmosis

A

The tendency of a solvent to travel across a semipermeable membrane into areas of higher solute concentration.

23
Q

Facilitated Diffusion

TRAVELS HOW?

A

A passive movement of particles from high to low concentration through a protein channel in a cell.

24
Q

Sodium Potassium Pump

A

A passive movement of particles from high to low concentration through a protein channel in a cell.