Midterm

Question 1

What type of cells are YOU made of; eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

Answer 1

Eukaryotic, a cell that contains membrane-bound structures, base for multicellular organism: animals, plants, and humans as well as some unicellular organisms.

Eukaryotic cells are more complex than prokaryotic cells

Question 2

What is the basic structure of eukaryotic cells?

Answer 2

Has mitochondria, chloroplasts, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes. They all float around in cytosol.

Question 3

What is ATP?
Where is it generated in the cell?

Answer 3

ATP: Ardenosine Triphosphate, An energy source that cells use for most of their work.
ATP is made in the mitochondria. (Powerhouse of the Cell)

Question 4

The equation for cellular respiration - what goes in and what comes out?

Answer 4

6 CO2 + 12 H2O + light —> C6H12O6 + 6 H2O + 6 O2.

Goal is to create ATP
Occurs in all living things

Question 5

Nucleus

Answer 5

Cell organelle that houses DNA and directs synthesis of ribosomes and proteins

Question 6

Mitochondria

Answer 6

The organelles in which nutrients are converted to energy.
ATP production/cellular respiration

Question 7

Ribosomes

Answer 7

Non-membrane-bounded organelles responsible for protein synthesis.

Question 8

Nucleic Acids

Answer 8

The storage and expression of genomic information.

Question 9

DNA

Answer 9

Deoxyriboneucleic acid found mainly in the nucleus

Question 10

Cell Membrane

Answer 10

Thin, flexible barrier that surrounds the cell and controls what goes in and out; found in animal cells

Question 11

Where are proteins made in the cell?

Answer 11

Ribosomes

Question 12

What are Proteins monomers (building blocks)?

Answer 12

Amino Acids - Consist of an amino group, carboxyl group, and a side chain - R (20 different R side chains = 20 different amino acids)

Question 13

What is the role that DNA plays in the making of a protein (amino acid sequence)

Main role of _____ is to

Answer 13

The main role of DNA is to carry genetic information and dictate the process of protein synthesis.

Question 14

How can a mutation in DNA affect proper protein synthesis (the making of a protein) AND its proper function.

Answer 14

When a mutation occurs in DNA, it can change the instructions for making proteins: transcription and translation.

Question 15

Phospholipid

Answer 15

A major membrane lipids that consist of lipid bilayers which acts as a barrier to protect the cell against various environmental insults.

Question 16

Proteins

Answer 16

• Helps repair and build body tissue
• Transporting materials
• Aid the immune system (antibodies)
• Structures in the cell membrane

Question 18

CholeSterol

Answer 18

A type of Lipid
-Steroids
Fat-like, waxy substance that helps your body make cell membranes, many hormones, and vitamin D. The cholesterol in your blood comes from two sources: the foods you eat and your liver.

Question 19

The Fluid Mosaic Model

describes structure of?

Answer 19

Describes the structure of the plasma membrane as a mosaic of components —including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates—that gives the membrane a fluid character

Question 20

Passive Transport

dictates of ____ and ______

Answer 20

Movement of molecules through the plasma membrane according to the dictates of osmosis or diffusion.

Question 21

Diffusion

_______to __________

Answer 21

The random motion of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 22

OSmosis

Answer 22

The tendency of a solvent to travel across a semipermeable membrane into areas of higher solute concentration.

Question 23

Facilitated Diffusion

TRAVELS HOW?

Answer 23

A passive movement of particles from high to low concentration through a protein channel in a cell.

Question 24

Sodium Potassium Pump

Answer 24

A passive movement of particles from high to low concentration through a protein channel in a cell.