Karyotype & Meiosis quiz Flashcards
What is a karyotype? What is the technique used to produce it?
Karyotype: Process of pairing and ordering chromosomes
How are chromosomes arranged?
In pairs within the nucleus of the cell and left to right, biggest to smallest
How do you determine whether an individual is biological male or female?
Male: ONE x and y chromosome
Female: TWO x chromosomes
How do you determine whether an individual has an abnormality?
If there is more than two chromosomes
Why is it incorrect to think of meiosis as “mitosis x2”?
Because there is a reduction in chromosome number not increase
During meiosis, what kind of cells are produced through each process?
Gametes
How many chromosomes are in each daughter cell for each process?
23 chromosomes
During meiosis, how are the daughter cells related to the parent and to each other after each process?
four unique daughter cells, each of which has half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
What are the steps of Meiosis I in order from start to finish?
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
In Meiosis, is the starting cell diploid or haploid?
Diploid
How many cells are produced in meiois
Four Haploid cells
Is the end result of meiosis diploid or haploid?
Haploid
Are meiosis cells identical or distinct? Why is this significant?
- DISTINCT
- These new combinations result from the exchange of DNA between paired chromosomes.
What are the steps of Meiosis II in order from start to finish?
Meiosis 2
Prophase 2
Prometaphase 2
Metaphase 2
Anaphase 2
Telophase 2/ cytokinesis
Is the starting cell of Meiosis 2 diploid or haploid?
diploid
How many cells are produced in Meiosis 2?
Four Haploid cells
What is the name that we give these cells after Meiosis 2?
Sperm/egg cells
SKIP
SKIP
What is crossing over?
the exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes, resulting in a mixture of parental characteristics in offspring.
In which phase does crossing over occur?
Prophase 1
Why does crossing over happen?
To increase genetic diversity.
What is the law of independent assortment?
alleles of two (or more) different genes get sorted into gametes independently of one another
In which phase does independent assortment occur?
Metaphase 1
