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Biology > Karyotype & Meiosis quiz > Flashcards

Karyotype & Meiosis quiz Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a karyotype? What is the technique used to produce it?

A

Karyotype: Process of pairing and ordering chromosomes

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2
Q

How are chromosomes arranged?

A

In pairs within the nucleus of the cell and left to right, biggest to smallest

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3
Q

How do you determine whether an individual is biological male or female?

A

Male: ONE x and y chromosome
Female: TWO x chromosomes

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4
Q

How do you determine whether an individual has an abnormality?

A

If there is more than two chromosomes

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5
Q

Why is it incorrect to think of meiosis as “mitosis x2”?

A

Because there is a reduction in chromosome number not increase

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6
Q

During meiosis, what kind of cells are produced through each process?

A

Gametes

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7
Q

How many chromosomes are in each daughter cell for each process?

A

23 chromosomes

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8
Q

During meiosis, how are the daughter cells related to the parent and to each other after each process?

A

four unique daughter cells, each of which has half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

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9
Q

What are the steps of Meiosis I in order from start to finish?

A

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

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10
Q

In Meiosis, is the starting cell diploid or haploid?

A

Diploid

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11
Q

How many cells are produced in meiois

A

Four Haploid cells

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12
Q

Is the end result of meiosis diploid or haploid?

A

Haploid

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13
Q

Are meiosis cells identical or distinct? Why is this significant?

A
  • DISTINCT
  • These new combinations result from the exchange of DNA between paired chromosomes.
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14
Q

What are the steps of Meiosis II in order from start to finish?

A

Meiosis 2
Prophase 2
Prometaphase 2
Metaphase 2
Anaphase 2
Telophase 2/ cytokinesis

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15
Q

Is the starting cell of Meiosis 2 diploid or haploid?

A

diploid

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16
Q

How many cells are produced in Meiosis 2?

A

Four Haploid cells

17
Q

What is the name that we give these cells after Meiosis 2?

A

Sperm/egg cells

18
Q

SKIP

A
19
Q

SKIP

A
20
Q

What is crossing over?

A

the exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes, resulting in a mixture of parental characteristics in offspring.

21
Q

In which phase does crossing over occur?

A

Prophase 1

22
Q

Why does crossing over happen?

A

To increase genetic diversity.

23
Q

What is the law of independent assortment?

A

alleles of two (or more) different genes get sorted into gametes independently of one another

24
Q

In which phase does independent assortment occur?

A

Metaphase 1

25
Q

Why does independent assortment occur?

A

result of the independent division of chromosomes into separate gametes

26
Q

What is the significance of crossing over and independent assortment?

A

create genetic variation in gametes and therefore genetic variation in offspring.

27
Q

Is there an “Interphase II” in Meiosis? Why or why not?

A

No, the DNA has already been replicated.

28
Q

What do we call meiosis that produces sperm cells?

A

spermatogenesis

29
Q

What do we call meiosis that produces egg cells?

A

Oogenesis

30
Q

Are sperm and egg cell divisions created equal?

A

Yes, four cells for egg and sperm always form from meiosis

31
Q

What causes egg cell meiosis to produce only one usable egg?

A

Only two cells having four interconnections

32
Q

What do we call the other products of egg cell meiosis?

A

Oogenesis

33
Q

(Extra to help with understanding, skip if you want) Interconnections

A

Living things in an area are components of interconnected systems based on cyclical feedback

34
Q

How many chromosomes does mitosis start with

A

46 chromosomes

35
Q

How many chromosomes does mitosis end with

A

46 chromosomes (SAME)

36
Q

How many chromosomes does meiosis start with

A

46 chromosomes

37
Q

How many chromosomes does meiosis end with

A

23 chromosomes (HALF)

Biology (8 decks)

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