Inheritance Quiz Flashcards
Who is Gregor Mendel and why is he important?
Gregor Mendel discovered the basic principles of heredity and laid the mathematical foundation of the science of genetics
Heredity
Passing traits down from one generation to the next
Trait
Distinguishing quiality/characteristic
Hybrid
offspring of two plants or animals of different species or varieties
Gene
Basic unit of heredity passed from parent to child
Allele
alternate form or variations of a gene
Dominant
Overpowering gene
Recessive
Gamete
Reproductive cell of an animal or plant
Probability
ex. 50% or 100%
Genotype
genetic makeup of an individual
Phenotype
the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.
Homozygous
having inherited the same versions (alleles) of a genomic marker from each biological parent.
Homozygous dominant: BB
Homozygous recessive: bb
Heterozygous
having two different alleles of a particular gene or genes.
Example: Bb
Punnett Square
summary of possible combinations of maternal alleles with paternal alleles
Know how to complete punnett squares
Incomplete dominance
both alleles of a gene at a locus are partially expressed, often resulting in an intermediate or different phenotype
Codominance
two versions (alleles) of the same gene are expressed separately to yield different traits in an individual.
X-linked traits
the gene causing the trait or the disorder is located on the X chromosome. Females have two X chromosomes; males have one X and one Y. Genes on the X chromosome can be recessive or dominant. Their expression in females and males is not the same.
Blood Types
A+,A-,AB+,AB-,O
Understand pedigrees: how to interpret and create them
