Cell Structures and Organelles Flashcards
Plasma membrane
The membrane surrounds the cell. It controls what can enter and leave the cell
Cytoplasm
The “nutrient soup” of the cell as it contains material needed for many processes that take place inside the cell
Nucleous
the structures in the cytoplasm where energy is produced from chemical reactions (where ribosomes are made)
Nucleoplasm
Helps make DNA and messenger molecules
Chromosomes
Complex DNA coated in protein. Helps regulate the cell process. Collects DNA
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
May or may not have ribosomes. Helps with biochemical reactions
Ribosomes
Where protein synthesis occurs
Golgi apparatus
Packaging department of the cell
Mitochondria
Produces energy (Powerhouse of the Cell)
Chloroplasts
Only in plants, stores starch
Vacuoles
a fluid-filled cavity in a cell that is used for storage and support
Lysosomes
Digestive organelles of the cell. Helps dispose of intracellular bacteria
Centrioles
Expansion of microtubes for cell division
Cytoskeleton
Made of microtubes, helps eukaryotic cells move
Eukariotic
cells that have a nucleus and sub-cellular organelles such as the mitochondria
Prokariotic
organisms, such as bacteria, that do not have a nucleus
Characteristics of living things
Contain DNA
Organized
Regulation (homeostasis)
Growth & Development
Energy processing
Reproduction
Evolutionary adaptation
Response to environment
Taxonomy
the naming and classification of organisms
Hierarchy of groups
- Life
- domain
3.kingdom - phylum
- class
- order
- family
- genus
- species
Classification of living organisms
domain bacteria, domain archea, domain eukarya
Look at the slideshow for information on plant vs. animal cells and more info
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Characteristics of a Virus
1) No metabolism
2) Protein Coat which surrounds genetic material
3) Single or double DNA or RNA molecule
4) May contain an enzyme but can’t work without a host cell
What is a virus
Cant be active outside of the host cell. Only exist inside virus particles called varions.
Cilia/Flagela
Small-hair-like structures that some cells use for movement or sensing things.
Cytosol
Everything inside the cell including the nucleus
Vesicles
Transports in the cell
Lipid Bilayer
Provides support for the cell, has two “subparts”
Rough ER
Ribosomes attatched to the endoplasmic reticulum
Smooth ER
No ribosomes are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
Which two domains contain organisms that do not have a nucleous in their cells
Archaea and bacteria
What kingdom(s) are in domain bacteria?
Bacteria
What kingdom(s) are in domain Archaea?
Archaea
What kingdom(s) are in domain Eukarya?
Protists, fungi, plants and animals
How do fungi get their food?
Absorbtion of nutrients
What is the classifications of living things (Smallest to largest)
Atom
Molecule
organelles
cells
tissues
organs
organ systems
organism
population
community
ecosystem
biosphere
