Small Animal Vaginal Cytology and Breeding Management

Question 1

when not under estrus the stratified sqaumous epithelium of the vagina is normally __ and in the presence of estrogen its __

Answer 1

thin, thick

Question 2

what structures should you avoid on vagina cytology? what magnification should you view it on?

Answer 2

urethra and urethral papilla, 10x

Question 3

Proestrus Vaginal Cytology

Answer 3

• superficial epithelial cells look like cornflakes -> large angular cells with small/no nuclei
• RBC’s
• WBC’s
• Debris

Question 4

Estrus Vaginal Cytology

Answer 4

> 90% superficial epithelial cells (angular sharp edges)

No WBC’s and few RBC’s

Question 5

Diestral Changes to cytology

Answer 5

abrupt change to parabaslar cells, influx of neutrophils within 24 hour period

Question 6

an increase of neutrophils and parabaslar cells is only normal for __ days in diestral shift otherwise it indicates a pathologic finding such as

Answer 6

2-5, pyometra

Question 7

Every female will whelp __ days after the diestral shift

Answer 7

57

Question 8

outline routine breeding management

Answer 8

1. ID first day of breeding management
2. ID first day of standing estrus
3. Breed every 2-3 days until no longer stands -> ideally day 10,12,14

Question 9

__ and __ are necessary for standing behavior

Answer 9

estrogen and progesterone

Question 10

what is the modern gold standard for quantifying progesterone?

Answer 10

chemoluminescence

Question 11

for progesterone in general:

<1ng/ml = ?
2ng/ml = ?
5ng/ml = ?

Answer 11

<1ng/ml = no luteal tissue present
2ng/ml = LH peak
5ng/ml = Ovulation (look for double jump in 48hr period)

Question 12

ovulation begins __ hours after LH peak and takes __

Answer 12

24-48 hours

Question 13

when does fertilization take place?

Answer 13

3-6 days from LH peak

3-4 days from ovulation is peak fertility

Question 14

How often does breeding need to happen naturally as long as she is standing?

Answer 14

EOD

Question 15

how often does breeding needs to happen if the semen was shipped?

Answer 15

semen lasts 5-7 days -> better to be early

Question 16

how often does breeding need to happen if semen is frozen?

Answer 16

need to catch on the most fertile days which is typically 3-4 d post ovulation or 5-7 post LH because semen will last 12-24 hours

Question 17

the maturation phase is tied to ___ levels

Answer 17

progesterone

increased or decreased progesterone speeds up/slows down maturation

Question 18

vaginal AI is used in __ animals ensures semen deposition in __

Answer 18

large, cranial vaginal vault

Question 19

Transcervical AI

Answer 19

endoscope - guided catheterization of the cervix and deposition of semen directly in the uterus

Question 20

canine brucellosis

Answer 20

• abortion due to placentitis
• erythritol in placenta and epididymes
• carriers asymptomatic
• ZOONOTIC

Question 21

canine brucellosis dx

Answer 21

PCR is best

Question 22

culture and pcr are confirmatory tests for __

Answer 22

canine brucellosis

Question 23

feline breeding management

Answer 23

• natural breeding is the norm
• copulation necessary for ovulation
• need multiple breedings