Small Animal Cycles

Question 1

FSH: produced/released, target tissue, effect

Answer 1

pituitary hormone that stimulates follicular development on the ovaries.

In the male, it supports the seminiferous tubules by action on the sertoli cells

Question 2

LH: produced/released, target tissue, effect

Answer 2

pituitary hormone

in the female it induces ovulation and luteinization of the theca interna cells of the follicles to become luteal cells, supports the CL

in the male it stimulates testosterone production from the interstitial (leydig) cells

Question 3

progesterone: produced/released, target tissue, effect

Answer 3

gonadal hormone that is produced by the CL and is responsible for maintaining the pregnancy, closes the cervix, vagina dry, vaginal epithelium thin, stimulates glandular development of the uterus to support a pregnancy

Question 4

follicle

Answer 4

fluid filled structure on the ovary that contains the soon to be ovulated oocyte

Question 5

corpus luteum

Answer 5

previously a follicle, cells convert from estrogen production to progesterone production under the influence of LH

Question 6

Estrogen

Answer 6

produced by follicular granulosal cells – responsible for standing
behavior in the female, opens the cervix, stimulates moisture in the vagina, increases the
thickness of the vaginal epithelium, increases the immune protection of the uterus.

Question 7

Testosterone

Answer 7

produced by the testes, specifically by the Leydig cells,
responsible for libido, secondary sexual characteristics, growth of secondary sexual
glands, ex. prostate.

Question 8

Prolactin

Answer 8

target cells in the mammary gland for lactation and, in general, maternal behavior. Supports CL’s in the queen and bitch. Dopamine is a major regulator of prolactin. Dopamine agonist prevents release of prolactin, dopamine antagonists help release prolactin

Question 9

physical changes with proestrus dog

Answer 9

turgid swelling of the vulva, hemorrhagic vulvar discharge

Question 10

physical changes with estrus dog

Answer 10

muscles around vulva contract and raise vulva helping align the penus - flagging

stiffening of legs and rolling of skin on back

Question 11

diestrus physical changes dog

Answer 11

vulvar swelling disappears with scant purulent discharge normal in first few days

Question 12

behavior changes of cat in proestrus

Answer 12

increased activity, vocalization, increased affect towards people

Question 13

estrus behavioral changes cats

Answer 13

vocal, rolling, breeding position, treading with hind legs, aggressive reaction to breeding

Question 14

diestrus only occurs in the queen when?

Answer 14

ovulation has been induced by breeding or other means

Question 15

the bitch has a __cycle with interestrus intervals minimum of __ to __ months that consist of __ phases

Answer 15

monoestrus, 4 to 12, 4 phases

Question 16

what is the dominant hormone during proestrus of a bitch?

Answer 16

estrogen

FSH and LH are low

Question 17

what is the dominant hormone during estrus of a bitch ?

Answer 17

FSH and LH peak at the beginning to induce ovulation

estrogen is decreasing and progesterone is increasing

Question 18

dominant hormone during diestrus bitch

Answer 18

progesterone with prolactin increasing in response to lowering progesterone levels

Question 19

__ or more breedings will assure 100% ovulation in queens

Answer 19

4

Question 20

proestrus hormones in the queen

Answer 20

estrogen levels rising

Question 21

estrus hormones in the queen

Answer 21

estrogen is hight and there is a reflex release of LH from the pituitary when breeding takes place

Question 22

postestrus (interestrus) hormones in the queen

Answer 22

no estrogen or progesterone

Question 23

when will the queen undergo seasonal anestrus?

Answer 23

winter, no cycling activity

Question 24

Diestrus will have ___ as its dominant hormone but if the pregnancy does not occur or fails, CL life will be __ that seen in pregnancy

Answer 24

progesterone, 1/2