Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy

Question 1

Conceptus

Answer 1

an embryo or fetus with all its membranes and accessory structures

Question 2

fetus

Answer 2

an embryo that has completed organogenesis - recognized as a member of its species

Question 3

establishment of pregnancy requires what 4 things?

Answer 3

1. fertilization
2. early embryonic development
3. maternal recognition of pregnancy
4. placentation

Question 4

uterine epithelium is essential for nutrient exchange, __ and __

Answer 4

placental attachment, maternal recognition of pregnancy

Question 5

the embryo of a __ or __ needs to be on the same side as the CL

Answer 5

cow or ewe

Question 6

the embryo of a __ must migrate between horns until day 16 - grows 1-1.5 mm/day and has no relationship to the CL side

Answer 6

mare

Question 7

maternal recognition of pregnancy prevents __and leads to what 2 early events?

Answer 7

luteolysis
- attachment to the endometrium
- organogenesis (1st trimester)

Question 8

average cow gestation length

Answer 8

278-293 days

Question 9

average mare gestation length

Answer 9

330-345 days

Question 10

average sow gestation length

Answer 10

112-115

Question 11

average bitch gestation length

Answer 11

65 days

Question 12

average queen gestation length

Answer 12

58-70 days

Question 13

what is maternal recognition?

Answer 13

signal from the embryo in the form of a hormone and/or protein that tells the mom not to lyse the CL

Question 14

cow maternal recognition

Answer 14

conceptus enters uterus at day 5-6 and maternal recognition happens at day 15-18 by bovine trophoblastic protein 1

Question 15

mare maternal recognition

Answer 15

• conceptus enters the uterus day 5-6
• amnionic vesicle remains spherical and diameter increases rapidly
• maternal recognition of pregnancy: increase embryo mobility/uterine contractions on days 11-16 with no hormonal signal identified and embryo motility lost at day 16

Question 16

ewe maternal recognition

Answer 16

conceptus enters the uterus by day 5 with maternal recognition of pregnancy happening at day 12-14 by ovine interferon

Question 17

sow maternal recognition

Answer 17

conceptus enters the uterus by day 3 as a 4-cell with maternal recognition happening at day 11-12 by signal of estradiol

4 embryos must be present for pregnancy to be maintained

Question 18

bitch/queen maternal recognition

Answer 18

conceptus enters the uterus on day 9-11 in the bitch and day 4-5 in the queen but maternal recognition of pregnancy is unknown

Question 19

what species are luteal dependent?

Answer 19

sow, doe, bitch, queen

Question 20

what species are luteal independent?

Answer 20

cow, mare, ewe

Question 21

luteal dependent

Answer 21

needs the CL of ovulation for the entire duration of pregnancy

Question 22

luteal independent

Answer 22

only needs the CL of ovulation for the first part of pregnancy followed by placental production

Question 23

gonadotropins placental source

Answer 23

eCG previously known as pregnant mare serum gonadotropin from endometrial cups LH like effects

Question 24

in cattle the CL is required for the __ and __ of gestation

Answer 24

first half and last part

Question 25

in the sheep in the CL function is required for the __ of gestation (~75 days)

Answer 25

first half

Question 26

the goat and pigs CL’s function __ gestation

Answer 26

throughout

Question 27

the mare produces __ CL’s to maintain its pregnancy

Answer 27

accessory