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Next Generation Exam 1 > Placentation > Flashcards

Placentation Flashcards

1
Q

the placental has 2 components, 1. the fetal part that develops from the __ and 2. the maternal part that is derived from the __

A

chorionic sac, endometrium

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2
Q

the placental has a selective __ that does __ prevent crossing of certain viruses, toxins, parasites

A

placental barrier, NOT

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3
Q

the placenta is an __ organ secreting hormones necessary for __

A

endocrine, pregnancy

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4
Q

progesterone from the placenta

A
  • promotes endometrial growth
  • suppresses myometrial contractions
  • promotes alveolar development in the mammary gland

CL is the original source in all species

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5
Q

estrogen from the placenta

A

“tissue building”
- myometrial growth and increase uterine vascular proliferation and mammary ductal growth
- estrogen also causes increased sodium reabsorption by mothers kidney renal tubules -> increases blood volume

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6
Q

the fetal gonads in horses are grossly __ during gestation as a result of __ precursors

A

hypertrophied, estrogen

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7
Q

placental relaxin from the placenta

A

present in carnivores and horses to relaxes the cervix, pubic symphysis and ligaments

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8
Q

placental relaxin is present in carnivores and horses while in cows, sows, and primates it is partially made by the __

A

CL

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9
Q

histotrophic nutrition

A

uterine glands -> nutrients -> diffusion-> embryo

chorionic placenta -> yolk sac

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10
Q

hemotrophic nutrition

A
  • fetomaternal blood exchange
  • allantoic placenta
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11
Q

amnion and chorion are made of __ and __

A

somatic mesoderm and trophectoderm (ectoderm)

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12
Q

allantois and yolk sac are made of __ and __

A

splanchnic mesoderm and hypoblast (endoderm)

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13
Q

implantation in the equine is at the junction of the __ with the __

A

uterine horn, body

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14
Q

yolk sac

A

temporary structure capable of histotrophic nutrition thats important during attachment and a source of primordial germ cells

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15
Q

chorion

A

most external!

  • abuts endometrium provides contact between the embryo and external environment
  • chorion helps attach early embryo to uterus
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16
Q

chorion consists of __ and associated __

A

trophoblasts (ectoderm), somatic mesoderm

17
Q

amnion

A

immediately surrounds and contains embryo and amniotic fluid

18
Q

the aqueous fluid provides …?

A

cushion, movement, prevents adhesion of fetus with amniotic membrane and practice swallowing, gut contractions and breathing

19
Q

allantois

A

diverticulum of the hind gut

20
Q

allantois in carnivores, horses

A

tube shaped, grows completely between the amnion and chorion

21
Q

amniotic plaques

A

normal mineral and sloughed cellular deposits on the surface of umbilical cord or other membrane -> white plaques
-> mostly seen in equine and ruminants

22
Q

Hippomanes (allantoic calculi)

A

found in allantoic fluid from day 85 with soft concentric layers

23
Q

hydrops allantois

A

excessive allantoic fluid in cattle and horses

24
Q

hydrops amnion

A

excessive amniotic fluid

25
Q

olioghydramnios

A

abnormally low amniotic fluid

26
Q

endometrial cups

A

Equine only!

  • normal and temporary during days 35-125 and then regress
  • certain parts of the chorion detach and invade endometrium
  • secrete equine chorionic gonadotropin
27
Q

chorionic placenta is __ and is only seen in __ until the allantois is formed

A

avascular, carnivores

28
Q

the choriovitelline (yolk sac) is retained for longer in the __ than the dog

A

equine

29
Q

the chorioallantoic placenta is the __ placenta of domestic animals and forms a __ membrane

A

permanent, trilaminar (trophoblasts, mesoderm, endoderm)

30
Q

the amnion and the chorion __ fuse in the horse and dog and __ fuse in the pig and ruminant

A

DO NOT, DO

31
Q

in all animals except carnivores the degree of placental invasion into the endometrium is __ meaning it will ___ separate after birth

A

non-deciduate, easily

32
Q

deciduate placentas are not easily separated because the __ fuse with the erode endometrium

A

chorionic villi

33
Q

the sow, mare and camelids have a __ placenta that covers the entire surface of the __

A

diffuse, uterus

34
Q

what is a red bag abortion?

A

premature placental separation
- appearance of the cervical star at the vulva and the enclosed legs of the fetus
- the fetus is often delivered within the placenta, with the chorionic side of the placenta still on the outside

35
Q

maternal caruncles + fetal cotyledons = __

A

placentomes (ruminants)

36
Q

zonary placenta

A

in carnivores where contact area is ring/belt like band with marginal hematomas providing a source of iron

Next Generation Exam 1 (31 decks)

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