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Clinical Skills > Small Animal Handling > Flashcards

Small Animal Handling Flashcards

1
Q

What does FAS stand for?

A
  • Fear
  • Anxiety
  • Stress
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2
Q

What do you observe to assess body language?

A
  • tail
  • ears, eyes
  • mouth (whiskers)
  • posture
  • any vocalization
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3
Q

What is anxiety?

A

emotional reaction of apprehension or uneasiness to an anticipated danger or threat

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4
Q

What is fear?

A

emotional reaction of apprehension and fright due to the presence or proximity of the specific stimulus

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5
Q

What is the number 1 reason for aggression?

A

fear

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6
Q

What are indicators of a cat being relaxed?

A
  • almond shaped eyes
  • soft face
  • ears forward
  • relaxed body position
  • normal pupil size
  • tail up
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7
Q

What are indicators of a cat experiencing anxiety and fear?

A
  • hiding
  • dilated pupils
  • ears to side or back
  • looks worried
  • tense body
  • crouched/curled up
  • tail tightly tucked
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8
Q

What are indicators of aggression in a cat?

A
  • dilated pupils and wide eyes
  • ears flat
  • hissing
  • swatting
  • piloerection of whiskers
  • tense body-defensive
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9
Q

What are indicators of a dog being relaxed?

A
  • lack of tension in face and body
  • lips loose
  • eyes blinking and soft
  • ears forward, hanging, and relaxed
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10
Q

What are indicators of anxiety in a dog?

A
  • puckered forehead
  • dilated pupils
  • eyes wide
  • ears drawn back or sometimes in alert position
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11
Q

What are examples of displacement/calming behaviors in a dog?

A
  • yawning
  • scratching or licking themselves
  • lip licking
  • lifting a paw
  • sniffing the ground
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12
Q

What are indicators of fear in a dog?

A
  • cowering
  • tail tucked or down
  • trembling/shaking
  • ears back or out to sides
  • panting
  • looking away
  • pupils dilated
  • muscles tense
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13
Q

What are indicators of agression in a dog?

A
  • ears back
  • dilated pupils
  • teeth exposed
  • mouth open
  • lips tight and puckered forward
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14
Q

What are the pheromone products we can use on dogs and cats?

A
  • adaptil for dogs
  • feliway for cats
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15
Q

What are things we have in our behavior toolbox for patients exhibiting high FAS?

A
  • pheromones
  • treats
  • muzzles
  • cat masks
  • towel neck wraps
  • feline towel wraps
  • leather gloves
  • clam shell net for cats
  • adjust environment
  • fear free transport
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16
Q

What restraint device is only used in a situation where human safety is an issue?

A

rabies pole

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17
Q

What are the steps to applying a gauze muzzle to a dog?

A
  • approach dog from behind
  • make a loop in the gauze
  • tie on top of the nose
  • criss cross under the chin
  • pull behind ears
  • tie in a tight bow
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18
Q

Towel neck wraps are used for what types of dogs?

A

Brachycephalic and small breed dogs

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19
Q

What type of restraint technique will not work on an overstimulated cat?

A

towel wrap

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20
Q

Name a reason where a cat does not or should not travel in a carrier.

A

There is not one. A cat should ALWAYS travel in a carrier.

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21
Q

How to you transport a cat in a carrier within the clinic?

A
  • cover carrier with towel
  • carry carrier with two hands underneath the carrier holding it close
  • do NOT swing carrier down at your side
  • carry as if carrying something fragile
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22
Q

What is an alternate method of transporting a cat within the clinic if a carrier is not available?

A

towel wrap

23
Q

What should you avoid when removing a cat from its carrier?

A

shaking and pulling

24
Q

What can you do if a cat refuses to come out of its carrier despite being coaxed with treats, toys, catnip, etc?

A

Take off the top and do exam and other procedures while cat is inside

25
Q

Training does not occur during times of what?

A

stress

26
Q

What does touch gradient mean?

A

that every new touch stimulates the animal, so we want to avoid repeated hands on/off and repeated in/out of the kennel

27
Q

What part of the animal should you always be in control of or know where it is?

A

head

28
Q

If a cat freaks out while you are restraining it what should you do?

A

Let go

29
Q

What should be the last resort method of handling a cat?

A

Scruff and stretch

30
Q

When handling cats should you work in an open space or enclosed space or does it not matter?

A

Enclosed space

31
Q

If a cat struggles for more than 2 seconds, what do you do?

A

adjust your method of handling

32
Q

If a cat struggles for more than 2 tries, what do you do?

A

Stop, give the cat a break and develop a new handling plan

33
Q

How do you safely meet a dog?

A
  • kneel and turn to side
  • keep your face up and away from dog’s face
  • walk up slowly and speak softly
  • allow dog to approach you
  • pet gently for a few seconds then stop
  • always ask before petting
34
Q

How should you get a dog on a floor scale?

A
  • face the direction you want your dog to walk
  • lure with treats if needed
  • walk briskly with a short leash in the direction you want the dog to go
  • stop when dog is on the scale
35
Q

Where should you work with larger dogs?

A

on the floor

36
Q

How should you carry and lift a small dog?

A

hold under chest, control head

37
Q

How should you carry and lift a medium dog?

A

two hands, one person

38
Q

How should you carry and lift a large dog (greater than 40-50 pounds)?

A

2 people stand on the same side and lift together
squat and bend your knees, use your legs not your back

39
Q

If a dog struggles for more than 3 seconds, what should you do?

A

adjust your method of handling

40
Q

If a dog struggling for more than 3 tries, what should you do?

A

stop, give dog a break and develop a new handling or sedation plan

41
Q

If you are attempting to restrain a dog on the table that is standing, what are your two options?

A
  • use 1 arm to keep the dog close to your body and use the other to control the head. You can lean your head against the back of the dog’s head.
  • use 1 arm under the abdomen to keep dog standing and use 1 arm to control the head snug and close under the neck
42
Q

How would you restrain a dog for a cephalic blood draw in sternal recumbency?

A

1 hand is used to roll the cephlic vein from medial to lateral, the forearm keeps the dog close to your body
the other arm controls the head

43
Q

How would you restrain a dog for a jugular blood draw in sternal recumbency?

A

dog’s head is tilted up while the handler’s forearm keeps the dog close to his body

44
Q

Describe an FAS score of zero in a cat.

A
  • sleeping
  • neutral
  • friendly greeting
45
Q

Describe an FAS score of 1 in a cat.

A
  • avoids eye contact
  • turns head away without moving away
  • partially dilated pupils
  • head held just slightly down
  • slight brow furrowing
  • whiskers slightly back
  • ears partially to side
  • body shifted slightly away
  • tail closer to body with possibly slight flicking
46
Q

Describe an FAS score of 2-3 in a cat.

A
  • ears further to side
  • more pupil dilation but not completely dilated
  • increase in respiratory rate
  • brow furrowed
  • looking at stimulus
  • tail tight to body
  • possible tip of tail moving some
  • whiskers back
  • body crouched and leaning away
47
Q

Describe an FAS score of 4 in a cat.

A
  • flight
  • freeze/fret
48
Q

Describe an FAS score of 5 in a cat.

A
  • offensive aggression
  • defensive aggression
49
Q

Describe an FAS score of 0 in a dog.

A
  • sleeping
  • neutral
  • friendly greeting
50
Q

Describe an FAS score of 1 in a dog.

A
  • lip licking
  • avoids eye contact
  • turns head away without moving away
  • lifts paw
  • partially dilated pupils
  • slight panting but commissures of lips are relaxed
51
Q

Describe an FAS score of 2 in a dog.

A
  • ears slightly back or to the side
  • tail down but not necessarily completely tucked
  • furrowed brow
  • slow movements or unable to settle
  • fidgeting
  • attention seeking to owner
  • panting with tighter mouth
  • moderate pupil dilation
52
Q

Describe an FAS score of 3 in a dog.

A
  • turning head away
  • may refuse treats for brief moments or take treats roughly
  • may be hesitant to interact but not compeltely avoiding interaction
53
Q

Describe an FAS score of 4 in a dog.

A
  • flight
  • freeze/fret
54
Q

Describe an FAS score of 5 in a dog.

A
  • offensive aggression
  • defensive aggression

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