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Clinical Skills > Bovine Handling and PE > Flashcards

Bovine Handling and PE Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the correct placement for a halter.

A
  • halter is under eye
  • halter is as high as it can be on brdige of nose
  • halter is tightening under jaw
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2
Q

Traditionally, animals are led from what side?

A

left

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3
Q

Does the halter have to go on the left side, or can it also go on the right side?

A

it can go on either side

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4
Q

Should you use a hotshot on a downed animal?

A

Never

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5
Q

How many times can you use a hotshot before stopping?

A

One shot only

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6
Q

Before you hotshot an animal, what should you ensure?

A

That the animal has somewhere to go

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7
Q

Where should you never use a hotshot?

A

genitals

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8
Q

What are the two methods of casting?

A
  • double half hitch
  • flying W
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9
Q

Describe how to do a double half hitch cast.

A
  • start with a bowline knot around the neck
  • pass rope under the cow and back over the withers, loop rope
  • pass rope under cow again and bring back over hips, loop rope
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10
Q

Describe how to do a flying W cast.

A
  • find middle of rope and place over withers
  • each end of rope will pass under armpits
  • rope then crosses over middle of back
  • each end of rope then goes in between rear legs. make sure your not pinching the udders or prepuce
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11
Q

What is a normal respiratory rate for an adult bovine?

A

12-36 bpm

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12
Q

What is a normal heart rate for an adult bovine?

A

40-80 bpm

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13
Q

What is a normal temperature for an adult bovine?

A

100.5-102.5 F

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14
Q

What should you examine last for a bovine physical exam?

A

head

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15
Q

In what order should you conduct a bovine physical exam?

A
  • start at point of shoulder on L side and palpate prescapular LN
  • then go on to L side respiratory evaluation and auscultate heart
  • then continue to rumen evaluation
  • then prefemoral LN on left side
  • then use vulva to get CRT and hydration status
  • then LN at mammary area IF LACTATING
  • look at backs of hooves for lesions
  • work around to right side of cow and palpate prefemoral LN
  • then percussion of rumen on R side
  • then prescpular LN on R side
  • then R side respiratory evaluation and auscultate heart
  • palpate trachea
  • then oral exam and hydration status in mouth and eye
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16
Q

Describe the border of the lungs.

A

cranial border: caudal border of scapula to point of elbow
dorsal border: transverse process of epaxial muscle
caudal border: 10th intercostal space

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17
Q

How can you obtain respiratory rate in bovine?

A
  • watch cow breathe on right flank side
  • place your hand close to nostrils
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18
Q

What is the last part of your respiratory exam?

A

palpate trachea by rubbing hand up and down trachea in an attempt to elicit a cough

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19
Q

How many places hould you listen to the lungs on each side?

A

4
3 vertical and one horizontal (upside down L shape)

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20
Q

Why do we palpate the brisket on cardiovascular exam?

A

to feel for any retained fluid that could be an indication of a heart issue

21
Q

What can be confused as a lymph node?

A

injection site lesion

22
Q

What are the three areas of focus for bovine mucous membrane evaluation?

A
  • vulva or prepuce
  • eye
  • mouth
23
Q

What is the mouth accurate area for CRT/MM?

A

vulva

24
Q

What is NOT an accurate spot for CRT/MM?

A

nose

25
Q

How many stomachs do bovine have? List them.

A

4
- reticulum
- rumen
- omasum
- abomasum

26
Q

What is the “true stomach” of cattle?

A

abomasum

27
Q

Which stomach is responsible for water absorption?

A

omasum

28
Q

What is the largest stomach responsible for fermentation and energy production?

A

rumen

29
Q

What is the purpose of the withers test and grunt test?

A

test for abdominal pain typically associated with hardware disease

30
Q

Describe how to perform a wither test.

A
  • take both hands and press down hard in front of withers
  • typically only get one shot because cow is expecting it the next time
  • cow should bow down from pressure
    Bow = positive = good
31
Q

Describe how to perform a grunt test.

A
  • lock hands with another person and pull up under cow. cow should rise up away from pressure
  • can be donw on your own with a fist but much more difficult
    rise up = positive = good
32
Q

Bovine BCS is scored out of how many points?

A

5 (with quarter point increments)

33
Q

What is the tell for a BCS less than or equal to 3?

A

Line formed from hooks to the thurl to the pins is a flattened V

34
Q

What is the tell for a BCS greater than 4?

A

Line formed from hooks to the thurl to the pins is a straight line

35
Q

What is the tell for a BCS greater than or equal to 3.25?

A

Line formed from hooks to the thurl to the pins is a flattened U

36
Q

Describe a BCS of 3.

A
  • Line formed from hooks to the thurl to the pins is a flattened V AND
  • hooks are rounded
37
Q

Describe a BCS of 2.75.

A
  • Line formed from hooks to the thurl to the pins is a flattened V
    AND
  • Hooks are angular
    AND
  • more prominent padding on pins
38
Q

Describe a BCS of 2.5.

A
  • Line formed from hooks to the thurl to the pins is a flattened V
    AND
  • pins and hooks are angular
    AND
  • fat pad slightly palpable on point of pins
39
Q

Describe a BCS of 2.25.

A
  • Line formed from hooks to the thurl to the pins is a flattened V
    AND
  • no fat pad on pins
    AND
  • visible corrugations halfway between tip and spine of short ribs
40
Q

Describe a BCS of 2.

A
  • Line formed from hooks to the thurl to the pins is a flattened V
    AND
  • corrugations visible three fourths of the way from tip to spine
41
Q

Describe a BCS less than 2.

A
  • Line formed from hooks to the thurl to the pins is a flattened V
    AND
  • thurl prominent
    AND
  • saw toothed spine
42
Q

Describe a BCS of 3.25.

A
  • Line formed from hooks to the thurl to the pins is a flattened U
    AND
  • sacral and tailhead ligaments are visible
43
Q

Describe a BCS of 3.5.

A
  • Line formed from hooks to the thurl to the pins is a flattened U
    AND
  • sacral ligament visible
    AND
  • tailhead ligament barely visible
44
Q

Describe a BCS of 3.75.

A
  • Line formed from hooks to the thurl to the pins is a flattened U
    AND
  • sacral ligament barely visible
    AND
  • tailhead ligament not visible
45
Q

Describe a BCS of 4.

A
  • Line formed from hooks to the thurl to the pins is a straight line
    AND
  • sacral and tailhead ligaments not visible
46
Q

Describe a BCS of 4.25.

A
  • Line formed from hooks to the thurl to the pins is a straight line
    AND
  • tip of short ribs is barely visible
47
Q

Describe a BCS of 4.5.

A
  • Line formed from hooks to the thurl to the pins is a straight line
    AND
  • buried pins
48
Q

Describe a BCS of 4.75.

A
  • Line formed from hooks to the thurl to the pins is a straight line
    AND
  • hooks barely visible
49
Q

Describe a BCS of 5.

A
  • Line formed from hooks to the thurl to the pins is a straight line
    AND
  • all bony protrusions are well rounded

Clinical Skills (7 decks)

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