Small Animal Abdomen Flashcards
What are the attachments of the greater and lesser omenta?
greater: attaches greater curvature of the stomach to dorsal body wall
- extends caudally as superficial leaf, then turns dorsally and returns to stomach as deep leaf
lesser: attaches lesser curvature of stomach to liver
What is the omental bursa?
the cavity between the superficial and deep leaves of the greater omentum
What is the epiploic foramen and what are its boundaries?
- the opening of the omental bursa into the peritoneal cavity
- bounded by caudal vena cava, portal vein, hepatic artery, and liver
Describe the path of the Duodenum
- short cranial part extends from pylorus dorsally and to the right
- turns as cranial duodenal flexure and continues caudally on the right as descending duodenum
- turns as caudal duodenal flexure and continues cranially as ascending duodenum
- the turns as duodenojejunal flexure
Describe the path of the Colon
- short ascending colon on the right
- turns as right colic flexure
- transverse colon continue left
- turns as left colic flexure
- continues caudally on the left as descending colon
What are the regions of the stomach?
- cardia
- fundus
- body
- pylorus
What vessels supply the lesser curvature of the stomach?
What are the parent vessels of these branches?
- left and right gastric arteries
- left gastric directly from celiac a.
- right gastric from hepatic a. which is a branch of the celiac a.
What vessels supply the greater curvature of the stomach?
What are the parent vessels of these branches?
- left and right gastroepiploic arteries
- left is a continuation of the splenic a., which is a branch of the celiac a.
- right from gastroduodenal a., which is a continuation of the hepatic a., which is a branch of the celiac a.
What vessels supply the pancreas?
What are the parent vessels of these branches?
- branches of splenic a. (left lobe): branch of the celiac a.
- cranial and caudal pancreaticoduodenal aa. (right lobe)
- cranial from gastroduodenal a., which is a continuation of the hepatic a., which is a branch of the celiac a.
- caudal from cranial mesenteric a.
What vessels supply the duodenum?
What are the parent vessels?
- cranial and caudal pancreaticoduodenal aa.
- cranial from gastroduodenal a., which is a continuation of the hepatic a., which is a branch of the celiac a.
- caudal from cranial mesenteric a.
What vessels supply the Ileum?
What are the parent vessels?
- antimesenteric ileal branch of cecal branch of ileocolic a (from cranial mesenteric a.)
- ileal aa. from cranial mesenteric a.
What is the parent vessel of the jejunal arteries?
the cranial mesenteric artery
What vessels supply the cecum?
What are the parent vessels?
cecal branch of ileocolic a.
- from cranial mesenteric a.
What vessels supply the ascending colon?
What are the parent vessels?
- right branch of arcade of the right colic a.
- ileocolic a. and colic branch
- both from cranial mesenteric a.
- right branch of right colic, and colic branch of ileocolic anastomose
What vessels supply the transverse colon?
What are the parent vessels?
- left branch of arcade of the right colic a.
- right branch of arcade of the middle colic a.
- they anastomose
- both from cranial mesenteric a.
What vessels supply the descending colon?
What are the parent vessels?
- left branch of arcade of the middle colic a. (from cranial mesenteric a.)
- left colic a. (from caudal mesenteric a.)
- they anastomose
What are the lobes of the liver, and where is the gallbladder?
- left lateral, left medial, quadrate, right medial, right lateral, caudate (with caudate and papillary processes)
- gallbladder is between the quadrate lobe and right medial lobe
What are the lobes of the pancreas, and where are they situated?
- body lies in the angle formed by the pylorus and duodenum
- left lobe lies in deep layer of greater omentum, caudal to stomach and liver
- right lobe lies in mesoduodenum of descending duodenum
Where are the adrenal glands located, and what is their function?
- lie cranial to the kidneys
- medullary cells produce epinephrine and norepinephrine as a response to sympathetic stimulation
- chromaffin cells release adrenaline in response to splanchnic nerve stimulation (sympathetic)
What are the splanchnic nerves and where do they synapse?
- pre-ganglionic symp. fibers leave symp. trunk without synapsing, and transmit fibers to pre-vertebral ganglia
- major and minor nerves synapse in celiac and cranial mesenteric ganglia, or onto chromaffin cells of medulla
- lumbar nerves synapse in cranial and caudal mesenteric ganglia
Where are the celiacomesenteric ganglia located, and what do they contain?
- located near origin of celiac a. and cranial mesenteric a. from the aorta
- contain post-ganglionic sympathetic cell bodies
What does the celiacomesenteric plexus contain?
- post-ganglionic symp. fibers from celiacomesenteric ganglia
- pre-ganglionic symp. fibers from major and minor splanchnic nerves
- pre-ganglionic parasymp. fibers from celiac branch of dorsal vagal trunk
- these fibers leave the plexus and course with the celiac and cranial mesenteric aa.
Where is the caudal mesenteric ganglion located, and what does it contain?
- located near origin of caudal mesenteric a. from aorta
- post-ganglionic symp. cell bodies
- post-ganglionic symp. fibers leave within hypogastric nerves, and enter pelvic plexus
What do the vagal trunks innervate, and what do they contain?
Ventral: distributes pre-ganglionic parasymp. fibers to liver, stomach, and pancrease
Dorsal: distributes pre-ganglionic parasymp. fibers to dorsal surface of stomach and intestines as far as left colic flexure
- celiac br. distributes same fibers to celiacomesenteric plexus
What do the pelvic nerves contain, and where do they go?
- parasymp. pre-ganglionic fibers from pelvic segments of spinal cord
- distributed to pelvic plexus, and are joined by hypogastric nerves
What do the hypogastric nerves transmit?
distribute post-ganglionic symp. fibers to pelvic plexus from caudal mesenteric ganglion
What enters through the major and minor duodenal papilla?
major: bile duct and pancreatic duct
minor: accessory pancreatic duct
