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Vet Gross Anatomy > Small Animal Abdomen > Flashcards

Small Animal Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

What are the attachments of the greater and lesser omenta?

A

greater: attaches greater curvature of the stomach to dorsal body wall
- extends caudally as superficial leaf, then turns dorsally and returns to stomach as deep leaf
lesser: attaches lesser curvature of stomach to liver

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2
Q

What is the omental bursa?

A

the cavity between the superficial and deep leaves of the greater omentum

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3
Q

What is the epiploic foramen and what are its boundaries?

A
  • the opening of the omental bursa into the peritoneal cavity
  • bounded by caudal vena cava, portal vein, hepatic artery, and liver
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4
Q

Describe the path of the Duodenum

A
  • short cranial part extends from pylorus dorsally and to the right
  • turns as cranial duodenal flexure and continues caudally on the right as descending duodenum
  • turns as caudal duodenal flexure and continues cranially as ascending duodenum
  • the turns as duodenojejunal flexure
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5
Q

Describe the path of the Colon

A
  • short ascending colon on the right
  • turns as right colic flexure
  • transverse colon continue left
  • turns as left colic flexure
  • continues caudally on the left as descending colon
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6
Q

What are the regions of the stomach?

A
  • cardia
  • fundus
  • body
  • pylorus
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7
Q

What vessels supply the lesser curvature of the stomach?

What are the parent vessels of these branches?

A
  • left and right gastric arteries
  • left gastric directly from celiac a.
  • right gastric from hepatic a. which is a branch of the celiac a.
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8
Q

What vessels supply the greater curvature of the stomach?

What are the parent vessels of these branches?

A
  • left and right gastroepiploic arteries
  • left is a continuation of the splenic a., which is a branch of the celiac a.
  • right from gastroduodenal a., which is a continuation of the hepatic a., which is a branch of the celiac a.
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9
Q

What vessels supply the pancreas?

What are the parent vessels of these branches?

A
  • branches of splenic a. (left lobe): branch of the celiac a.
  • cranial and caudal pancreaticoduodenal aa. (right lobe)
  • cranial from gastroduodenal a., which is a continuation of the hepatic a., which is a branch of the celiac a.
  • caudal from cranial mesenteric a.
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10
Q

What vessels supply the duodenum?

What are the parent vessels?

A
  • cranial and caudal pancreaticoduodenal aa.
  • cranial from gastroduodenal a., which is a continuation of the hepatic a., which is a branch of the celiac a.
  • caudal from cranial mesenteric a.
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11
Q

What vessels supply the Ileum?

What are the parent vessels?

A
  • antimesenteric ileal branch of cecal branch of ileocolic a (from cranial mesenteric a.)
  • ileal aa. from cranial mesenteric a.
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12
Q

What is the parent vessel of the jejunal arteries?

A

the cranial mesenteric artery

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13
Q

What vessels supply the cecum?

What are the parent vessels?

A

cecal branch of ileocolic a.

- from cranial mesenteric a.

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14
Q

What vessels supply the ascending colon?

What are the parent vessels?

A
  • right branch of arcade of the right colic a.
  • ileocolic a. and colic branch
  • both from cranial mesenteric a.
  • right branch of right colic, and colic branch of ileocolic anastomose
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15
Q

What vessels supply the transverse colon?

What are the parent vessels?

A
  • left branch of arcade of the right colic a.
  • right branch of arcade of the middle colic a.
  • they anastomose
  • both from cranial mesenteric a.
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16
Q

What vessels supply the descending colon?

What are the parent vessels?

A
  • left branch of arcade of the middle colic a. (from cranial mesenteric a.)
  • left colic a. (from caudal mesenteric a.)
  • they anastomose
17
Q

What are the lobes of the liver, and where is the gallbladder?

A
  • left lateral, left medial, quadrate, right medial, right lateral, caudate (with caudate and papillary processes)
  • gallbladder is between the quadrate lobe and right medial lobe
18
Q

What are the lobes of the pancreas, and where are they situated?

A
  • body lies in the angle formed by the pylorus and duodenum
  • left lobe lies in deep layer of greater omentum, caudal to stomach and liver
  • right lobe lies in mesoduodenum of descending duodenum
19
Q

Where are the adrenal glands located, and what is their function?

A
  • lie cranial to the kidneys
  • medullary cells produce epinephrine and norepinephrine as a response to sympathetic stimulation
  • chromaffin cells release adrenaline in response to splanchnic nerve stimulation (sympathetic)
20
Q

What are the splanchnic nerves and where do they synapse?

A
  • pre-ganglionic symp. fibers leave symp. trunk without synapsing, and transmit fibers to pre-vertebral ganglia
  • major and minor nerves synapse in celiac and cranial mesenteric ganglia, or onto chromaffin cells of medulla
  • lumbar nerves synapse in cranial and caudal mesenteric ganglia
21
Q

Where are the celiacomesenteric ganglia located, and what do they contain?

A
  • located near origin of celiac a. and cranial mesenteric a. from the aorta
  • contain post-ganglionic sympathetic cell bodies
22
Q

What does the celiacomesenteric plexus contain?

A
  • post-ganglionic symp. fibers from celiacomesenteric ganglia
  • pre-ganglionic symp. fibers from major and minor splanchnic nerves
  • pre-ganglionic parasymp. fibers from celiac branch of dorsal vagal trunk
  • these fibers leave the plexus and course with the celiac and cranial mesenteric aa.
23
Q

Where is the caudal mesenteric ganglion located, and what does it contain?

A
  • located near origin of caudal mesenteric a. from aorta
  • post-ganglionic symp. cell bodies
  • post-ganglionic symp. fibers leave within hypogastric nerves, and enter pelvic plexus
24
Q

What do the vagal trunks innervate, and what do they contain?

A

Ventral: distributes pre-ganglionic parasymp. fibers to liver, stomach, and pancrease
Dorsal: distributes pre-ganglionic parasymp. fibers to dorsal surface of stomach and intestines as far as left colic flexure
- celiac br. distributes same fibers to celiacomesenteric plexus

25
Q

What do the pelvic nerves contain, and where do they go?

A
  • parasymp. pre-ganglionic fibers from pelvic segments of spinal cord
  • distributed to pelvic plexus, and are joined by hypogastric nerves
26
Q

What do the hypogastric nerves transmit?

A

distribute post-ganglionic symp. fibers to pelvic plexus from caudal mesenteric ganglion

27
Q

What enters through the major and minor duodenal papilla?

A

major: bile duct and pancreatic duct
minor: accessory pancreatic duct

Vet Gross Anatomy (17 decks)

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