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Vet Gross Anatomy > Large Animal Abdomen > Flashcards

Large Animal Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main nerves that innervate the abdominal wall?

A
  • ventral branch of T13
  • iliohypogastric nerve (ventral branch of L1)
  • ilioinguinal nerve (ventral branch of L2/L3)
  • lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (ventral branch of L3/L4)
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2
Q

What are the attachments of the greater omentum in the ox?

A
  • greater curvature of abomasum
  • reticulum
  • mesoduodenum of descending duodenum
  • left longitudinal groove of rumen (superficial leaf)
  • right longitudinal groove of rumen (deep leaf)
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3
Q

What is the supraomental recess?

A

the region that contains the intestines dorsal to the sling created by the greater omental leaves

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4
Q

What are the major features of the Rumen?

A
  • largest compartment
  • fills entire left side of abdomen
  • papillae varying in size and density
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5
Q

What are the grooves and corresponding pillars of the Rumen?

A
  • left and right longitudinal grooves/pillars: divide rumen into dorsal and ventral sacs
  • dorsal and ventral coronary grooves/pillars: divide caudal aspect into caudoventral and caudodorsal blind sacs
  • right accessory groove/pillar: extends from cranial to caudal groove/pillar
  • left accessory groove/pillar: extends dorsally from cranial groove/pillar
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6
Q

What is the Intraruminal orifice?

A
  • region bounded by right and left longitudinal pillars, and cranial and caudal pillars
  • communication between dorsal and ventral sacs
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7
Q

What is the Insula ruminis?

A
  • space between the right accessory pillar and right longitudinal pillar
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8
Q

What is the recessus ruminis?

A

most cranial compartment of the ventral sac of the rumen

- located ventral and caudal to the cranial pillar

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9
Q

What is the function of the Rumen?

A

digestion of complex carbohydrates, and absorption of the resultant VFAs

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10
Q

What vessels supply the Rumen?

A
  • right ruminal artery (branch of splenic artery)

- left ruminal artery

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11
Q

What innervates the ruminant stomach?

A

the dorsal vagal trunk

- ventral for abomasum

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12
Q

What are the major features of the Reticulum?

A
  • cranial position close to liver and diaphragm
  • honey comb-like cells
  • reticular groove with left and right lips
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13
Q

What is traumatic reticulitis or “hardware disease”?

A
  • when a piece of metal is lodged in the reticulum

- if sharp, it can pierce through the reticulum and diaphragm, and into the pericardium or heart

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14
Q

What are the functions of the Reticulum?

A
  • mechanical digestion, filtration of particulate matter, movement, and absorption
  • holds course material in, or sends back to rumen
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15
Q

What are the main features of the Omasum?

A
  • spherical shape

- parallel folds (laminae) with papillae and interlaminar recesses

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16
Q

What are the functions of the Omasum?

A
  • mechanical digestion and absorption

- biphasic contraction to bring ingesta in, expel fluids, and send solids to abomasum

17
Q

What are the main features of the Abomasum?

A
  • glandular stomach
  • spiral folds that do not disappear with distention
  • lined with glandular mucosa
18
Q

What is the function of the Abomasum?

A
  • chemical digestion via release of enzymes and chemicals from gastric glands
19
Q

What is the Torus pyloricus?`

A

a round protuberance in the pylorus that augments the pyloric sphincter

20
Q

What vessels supply the lesser curvature of the Abomasum?

A

right and left gastric arteries

21
Q

What vessels supply the greater curvature of the Abomasum?

A

right and left gastroepiploic arteries

22
Q

What is the Gastric groove?

A
  • reticular groove + omasal groove + anomasal groove
  • allows ingested material to bypass the forestomachs and go directly to abomasum
  • unweaned calf drinking milk
  • dehydration in adults
  • use of ADH or copper sulfate in adults
23
Q

What is the separation of the glandular and non-glandular regions in the horse stomach?

A

Margo plicatus

24
Q

Describe the course of the ascending colon in the horse

A
  • right ventral colon runs cranially, turns as ventral diaphragmatic flexure, and continues caudally as left ventral colon
  • turns as pelvic flexure, and runs cranially as left dorsal colon, turns as dorsal diaphragmatic flexure, and runs caudally as right dorsal colon
25
Q

What are the differences in the small intestine of the ox?

A

Jejunum: surrounds the spiral loop of the ascending colon
- lymph nodes appear as a solitary line running with the intestine
Ileum: connected to cecum via ileocecal fold

26
Q

Describe the course of the ascending colon in the ox

A
  • proximal loop (sigmoid shape)
  • centripetal gyri (spiral inwards)
  • central flexure
  • centrifugal gyri (spiral outwards)
  • distal loop (sigmoid shape)
27
Q

What are the differences in the small intestine in the horse?

A

Duodenum: duodenocolic fold connects ascending duodenum and descending colon
Ileum: no antimesenteric ileal branch
- ileocecal fold attaches ileum to cecum
- opens to cecum via ileal orifice and papilla

28
Q

Describe the location of the cecum in the horse

A
  • base attached to dorsal body wall
  • body projects into right ab. wall, and held in place by cecocolic fold
  • apex extends cranially on ab. wall floor, between left and right ventral ascending colon
29
Q

How many bands are present on the cecum and colon parts?

What are the bands called?

A
  • Taenia coli
  • cecum: 4
  • ventral colon: 4
  • pelvic flexure and LDC: 1
  • dorsal diaphragmatic flexure and RDC: 3
  • transverse and descending colon: 2
30
Q

What vessels supply the ascending colon of the ox?

A
  • colic branch of ileocolic a. supplies proximal loop and centripetal gyri
  • right colic a. supplies centrifugal gyri and distal loop
31
Q

What vessels supply the ascending colon of the horse?

A
  • colic branch of ileocolic a. supplies ventral colon

- right colic a. supplies dorsal colon

32
Q

What vessels supply the transverse colon in the ox and horse? Descending colon?

A

transverse: middle colic a.
descending: left colic a.

33
Q

Where can the horse get intestinal entrapment?

A
  • epiploic foramen: jejunum and ileum trapped within it

- nephrosplenic ligament: large colon trapped over this ligament which connects spleen and left kidney

34
Q

What are main impaction sites in the horse?

A
  • ventral colon turning as pelvic flexure

- right dorsal colon to transverse colon

35
Q

Which viscera are commonly displaced in the horse?

A
  • apex of cecum

- most of ascending colon, mainly pelvic flexure and left colon

Vet Gross Anatomy (17 decks)

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