Canine Pelvic Limb Functionality

Question 1

Os coxae

Answer 1

comprised of four fused bones in the adult

Question 2

Pelvic Canal

Answer 2

region between the pelvic inlet and outlet that provides protection to the viscera of the reproductive, urinary, and digestive tracts

Question 3

Pelvic Inlet

borders

Answer 3

Lateral and ventral: arcuate line of the ilium

Dorsal: promontory of the sacrum

Question 4

Pelvic Outlet

borders

Answer 4

Ventral: ischiatic arch
Mid-dorsal: first caudal vertebra
Lateral: sarcotuberous ligament, superficial gluteal muscles, muscles of the pelvic diaphragm

Question 5

Hip Luxations

Answer 5

• dislocation of femoral head out of acetabulum
• majority are craniodorsal
• primarily caused by vehicular trauma

Question 6

Femoral Triangle

Answer 6

• where femoral artery, vein and nerve are located
• Base: abdominal wall and inguinal ligament
• Cranial border: caudal part of sartorius muscle
• Caudal border: pectineus muscle

Question 7

Vascular Lacuna

Answer 7

opening in abdominal wall for passage of femoral vessels and nerve to pelvic limb
- located between inguinal ligament and pelvis

Question 8

Hip Joint

Answer 8

• ball and socket
• articular capsule present
• femur held in place by ligament of femoral head and transverse acetabular ligament

Question 9

Hip Dysplasia

Answer 9

• common in large breed dogs
• inherited, polygenic, developmental defect
• poor formation of hip joint
• clinical symptoms occur at 5-8 months of age
• treatments: TPO, FHO, total hip replacement

Question 10

TPO

Answer 10

• repositioning the acetabulum
• changes in orientation of hip socket
• reserved for younger dogs, 5 months to 1 year

Question 11

FHO

Answer 11

• removing head of femur
• trying to take away pain from arthritis
• better done in small and medium breed dogs

Question 12

Total Hip Replacement

Answer 12

• ball and socket replaced
• best for large breed dogs
• very expensive

Question 13

Femoral Head Necrosis

Answer 13

• small breed dogs
• unknown etiology
• pain upon forced abduction and extension of limb

Question 14

Cranial Cruciate Tear

Answer 14

• most common cause of rear limb lameness
• sudden rotation of limb when joint is flexed
• rupture allows tibia to move cranially
• treatments: TTA, TPLO, Extracapsular repair

Question 15

TTA

Answer 15

• stabilization technique
• counteracting the force of tibial thrust due to tilted tibial plateau
• changing angle of pull of patellar tendon to 90 degrees

Question 16

Extracapsular Repair

Answer 16

• joint stabilization
• no more tibial thrust present
• suture passed from lateral aspect of femur to cranial aspect of tibia

Question 17

TPLO

Answer 17

• stabilization of stride
• changing the angle and relationship of femur and tibia
• will not eliminate the cranial drawer sign

Question 18

Luxating Patella

Answer 18

• usually medial luxation
• small/toy breed dogs
• may be congenital or acquired

Question 19

Partial Tear of Calcanean Tendon

Answer 19

• usually just gastrocnemius tendon
• dropped hock, curled toes
• usually from trauma

Question 20

Complete Rupture of Calcanean Tendon

Answer 20

• flat footed with a dropped hock and lame
• all tendons are ruptured
• can also be seen with an endocrinopathy