SM_237b: Pathology of the Prostate Flashcards

1
Q

Most prostate cancer is ___

A

Most prostate cancer is adenocarcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

____ is the gold standard for diagnosis of prostate cancer

A

Prostate needle core biopsy w/ 12 cores at 6 locations is the gold standard for diagnosis of prostate cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Prostatic gland consists primarily of ___

A

Prostatic gland consists primarily of epithelial cells

  • Secretory cells
  • Basal cells
  • Neuroendocrine cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe diagnostic features of prostatic adenocarcinoma

A

Prostatic adenocarcinoma diagnostic features

  • Architectural: small glands, infiltrating, straight luminal borders, no basal cells, retraction
  • Extracellular material: blue mucin, crystalloids, pink secretion
  • Cytological: prominent nucleoli, nuclear enlargement, hyperchromasia, amphophilic cytoplasm, mitosis
  • Special structures: perineural invasion, collagenous micronodules, glomeruloid structures, capsule invasion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

____, ____, and ____ are key histological features of prostatic adenocarcinoma

A

Small glands, infiltrating patterns, and prominent nucleoli are key histological features of prostatic adenocarcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Perineural invasion of prostatic adenocarcinoma predicts ___

A

Perineural invasion of prostatic adenocarcinoma predicts extraprostatic extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Prostate specific antigen is secreted by ___

A

Prostate specific antigen is secreted by luminal cells of prostate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

____ occurs in prostatic adenocarcinoma

A

Loss of basal cells occurs in prostatic adenocarcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

____ is an essential enzyme for beta-oxidation of branched chain fatty acids that is a new prostate cancer marker

A

Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR) is an essential enzyme for beta-oxidation of branched chain fatty acids that is a new prostate cancer marker

  • Possible relation to high fat diet
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

This is ___

A

This is prostate adenocarcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe the Gleason Grading System for prostate

A

Gleason Grading System for prostate

  • Based on cell differentiation (architecture)
  • Correlates well with prognosis
  • Grade 1-5
  • Score 2-10
  • Gleason score is sum of predominant pattern and second most prevalent pattern
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

This is Gleason ____

A

This is Gleason grade 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

This is Gleason ____

A

This is Gleason grade 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

This is Gleason ____

A

This is Gleason grade 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

This is Gleason ____

A

This is Gleason grade 4 (fused glands)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

This is Gleason ____

A

This is Gleason grade 4

17
Q

This is Gleason ____

A

This is Gleason grade 5 (single cells)

18
Q

This is Gleason ____

A

This is Gleason grade 5 (solid sheet)

19
Q

This is Gleason ____

A

This is Gleason grade 5 (comedo)

20
Q

Lower Gleason score has ___ prognosis

A

Lower Gleason score has better prognosis

  • 4+3 is worse than 3+4
21
Q

High grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia is ___

A

High grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia is neoplasm cells growing within pre-existing glands (ducts and acini)

  • Non-invasive neoplastic lesion
  • Precursor lesion of prostate cancer
22
Q

This is ___ of prostate

A

This is basal cell carcinoma of prostate

23
Q

Describe ductal adenocarcinoma of prostate

A

Ductal adenocarcinoma of prostate

  • “Endometrioid carcinoma”
  • Histological variant of prostatic adenocarcinoma
  • Tall columnar tumor cell
  • Equivalent to Gleason pattern 4
  • Androgen receptor positive and PSA positive
24
Q

Describe small cell carcinoma of prostate

A

Small cell carcinoma of prostate

  • More than 50% of cases associated with prostatic adenocarcinoma
  • “Oat cell carcinoma”
  • Neuroendocrine differentiation
  • Aggressive systemic disease requiring special treatment
25
Describe primary urothelial carcinoma of prostate
Pimary urothelial carcinoma of prostate * Derived from urothelium of prostatic urethra * Morphologically similar to urothelial carcinoma of bladder * Do not respond to hormonal therapy
26
Describe benign prostatic hyperplasia
Benign prostatic hyperplasia * Hyperplasia: increase in number of cells * Enlarged prostate * Multiple nodules mostly located in transition zone * Compressed prostatic urethra
27
Benign prostatic hyperplasia involves ____ and components of ____ and \_\_\_\_
Benign prostatic hyperplasia involves nodular cell proliferation and components of glandular epithelial cells and stromal cells
28
This is \_\_\_\_
This is prostatic infarct and associated squamous metaplasia
29
Describe non-specific granulomatous prostatitis
Non-specific granulomatous prostatitis * Hard nodules on digital exam * Mixed inflammatory cells around ducts * Epithelioid histiocytes * True granuloma may not be obvious
30
Describe pathological staging of prostate cancer
Pathological staging of prostate cancer * T2: confined within prostate * T3: outside prostatic capsule (T3A) or in seminal vesicles (T3B) Surgical margins or volume of tumor can also be used to evaluate extent of cancer
31
This is stage \_\_\_
This is stage T3a prostatic adenocarcinoma
32
This is stage \_\_\_
This is stage T3b prostatic adenocarcinoma
33
These are \_\_\_\_
These are metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma