SM_200b: Abdominal Wall Anatomy Flashcards
Describe surface anatomy of the anterior body wall
Surface anatomy of the anterior body wall
Superficial body wall is composed of ____, ____, ____, and ____
Superficial body wall is composed of epidermis, dermis, superficial fascia, and Scarpa’s fascia
Deep body wall consists of ____, ____, ____, ____, and ____
Deep body wall consists of deep / investing fascia, muscle, bone, transversalis fascia, and parietal peritoneum
Describe the arteries and nerves
Arteries and nerves
- Interrcostal nerves
- Superior epigastric artery from internal thoracic
- Deep inferior epigastric artery from external iliac
Dermatome ____ points at the navel
Dermatome T10 points at the navel
Describe the anterior view of the male abdominal wall
Anterior view of the male abdominal wall
Describe muscle attachments
Muscle attachments
Femoral vessels are ____ and inguinal region is ____ the inguinal ligament
Femoral vessels are below and inguinal region is above the inguinal ligament
Rectus abdominis functions to ___
Rectus abdominis functions to flex the trunk
External oblique functions to ____ and ____
External oblique functions to flex the trunk and laterally bend to the same side or rotate trunk to the opposite side
Internal oblique functions to ____ and ____
Internal oblique functions to flex the trunk and laterally bend to the same side / rotate to the same side
Describe the tranversus abdominis
Tranversus abdominis
- Fibers oriented horizontally
- No skeletal movements: one muscle pulls against the other
- Raising intra-abdominal pressure is its main role
All abdominal muscles function to ____, ____, and ____
All abdominal muscles function to raise intra-abdominal pressure, stabilize the pelvis for leg muscle function, and lower the rib cage and raise the diaphragm (from intra-abdominal pressure) for expiration
Rectus abdominis sheath is formed by ____
Rectus abdominis sheath is formed by aponeuroses of the three flat muscles
Upper sheath of rectus abdominis involves ____
Upper sheath of rectus abdominis involves all 3 aponeuroses enveloping each rectus muscle
Lower sheath of rectus abdominis involves ____
Lower sheath of rectus abdominis involves all 3 aponeuroses passing anterior to muscles
Internal oblique aponeurosis divides with half in front and half in back of the ____
Internal oblique aponeurosis divides with half in front and half in back of the rectus abdominis
____ is the abrupt termination of the posterior rectus sheath
Arcuate line is the abrupt termination of the posterior rectus sheath
- Below this point: muscles lie directly on transversalis fascia and parietal peritoneum
Hernia is ____ that occurs at ____
Hernia is a sac of parietal peritoneum containing viscera that occurs at weak spots in the abdominal wall
Testis must pass through the ____ to the scrotum, forming the ____ as it descends
Testis must pass through the deep body wall to the scrotum, forming the inguinal canal as it descends
Peritoneum forms the ____
Peritoneum forms the processus vaginalis
Transversalis fascia forms the ____ and ____
Transversalis fascia forms the deep ring and internal spermatic fascia
Internal oblique forms the ___
Internal oblique forms the cremaster muscle
External oblique forms the ____ and ____
External oblique forms the superficial ring and external spermatic fascia
Transversus abdominis forms ____
Transversus abdominis forms NO component
____ guides the descent of the testis
Gubernaculum guides the descent of the testis
In females, the gubernaculum persists as the ____ and ____
In females, the gubernaculum persists as the ovarian ligament and round ligament of the uterus
Describe the female superficial inguinal ring
Female superficial inguinal ring
Inguinal canal extends from the ____ to the ____
Inguinal canal extends from the deep inguinal ring to the superficial ring
Deep inguinal ring is ____
Deep inguinal ring is rim of evagination of transversalis fascia
Parietal peritoneum continues as the ____
Parietal peritoneum continues as the tunica vaginalis testis (with visceral and parietal layers)
Transversalis fascia continues as the ___ and ___
Transversalis fascia continues as the deep ring and internal spermatic fascia
Transversus abdominis continues as ____
Transversus abdominis continues as nothing
Internal oblique continues as the ____
Internal oblique continues as the cremaster muscle
External oblique continues as the ____ and ____
External oblique continues as the superficial inguinal ring and external spermatic fascia
Scarpa’s fascia continues as ____
Scarpa’s fascia continues as Colle’s fascia lining the scrotum
Superficial (Camper’s) fascia continues as ____
Superficial (Camper’s) fascia continues as dartos muscle / fascia (smooth muscle)
Summarize adult layers and their derivatives
Adult layers and their derivatives
Inguinal triangle boundaries are ____, ____, and ____
Inguinal triangle boundaries are lateral edge of rectus, inferior epigastric artery, and inguinal ligament
Inguinal hernias are ____ or ____
Inguinal hernias are indirect or direct
Indirect inguinal hernia goes through ____ and is ____
Indirect inguinal hernia goes through inguinal canal and deep ring and is lateral to the inferior epigastric artery
- Congenital (or adult)
- Could be in patent processus vaginalis in a newborn
Direct inguinal hernia ____, ____, and ____
Direct inguinal hernia
- Is NOT through the inguinal canal
- Medial to the inferior epigastric artery
- Under the conjoint tendon medial to the inguinal canal
Describe the direct and indirect inguinal pathway
Direct and indirect inguinal pathway
