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Repro / GU > SM_227b: Pathology of the Testis > Flashcards

SM_227b: Pathology of the Testis Flashcards

1
Q

Describe testicular cell components

A

Testicular cell components

  • Developing germ cells
  • Sex cord stromal cells: Leydig cells, Sertoli cells
  • Connective tissues
  • Blood and lymphocytes
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2
Q

Describe stepwise maturation of germ cells in testis

A

Stepwise maturation of germ cells in testis

  1. Spermatogonia
  2. Spermatocytes
  3. Spermatids
  4. Spermatozoa
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3
Q

These are ____

A

These are Leydig cells

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4
Q

These are ___

A

These are Sertoli cells

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5
Q

This is ___

A

This is crystal of Reinke

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6
Q

This is stained for ___

A

This is stained for inhibin

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7
Q

Epididymitis and orchitis are usually ___

A

Epididymitis and orchitis are usually acute bacterial

  • Younger men: often sexually transmitted (Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae)
  • Older men: often related to UTI (E. coli, other Gram negative rods, enterococci, staphylococcus spp.)
  • Can also be viral or other
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8
Q

This testicular caseating granuloma is caused by ____

A

This testicular caseating granuloma is caused by TB

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9
Q

This is ___

A

This is non-specific granulomatous orchitis

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10
Q

Cryptorchidism is ____

A

Cryptorchidism is undescended testis

  • Normally testes descend to scrotum during fetal development (7-8th month)
  • Failure of one or both testes to move from abdomen into scrotum after birth
  • Increased risk of developing testicular cancer
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11
Q

Two phases of normal testicular descent are ____ and ____

A

Two phases of normal testicular descent are abdominopelvic phase and inguinal-scrotal phase

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12
Q

This is ____

A

This is cryptorchidism

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13
Q

Reactive and reparative conditions of testes are ___, ___, and ___

A

Reactive and reparative conditions of testes are atrophy, infertility, and others

Atrophy is aging or therapy-related

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14
Q

This is ___ occurring due to ___

A

This is testicular atrophy occurring due to anti-androgen treatment

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15
Q

Germ cells with maturation arrest: ____ -> ____ -> ____

A

Germ cells with maturation arrest: spermatogonia -> spermatocytes -> no spermatids and no spermatozoa

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16
Q

This is a ___

A

This is a Sertoli cell only pattern

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17
Q

This is a ___

A

This is a sperm granuloma

18
Q

Hydrocele is when ____ leading to ____

A

Hydrocele is when testis is suspended in the sac filled with fluid leading to an atrophic change of the testis

19
Q

Vascular abnormalities of the testis are ____, ____, ____, and ____

A

Vascular abnormalities of the testis are varicocele, torsion, vasculitis, and atherosclerosis

20
Q

Varicocele is ___

A

Varicocele is abnormal dilation of the veins draining the testes

  • Obstructs outflow -> oligo- or azospermia
21
Q

Testicular torsion may lead to ____

A

Testicular torsion may lead to hemorrhagic necrosis

22
Q

Testicular neoplasms are classified as ____ or ____

A

Testicular neoplasms are classified as germ cell tumors or other tumors

23
Q

Germ cell neoplasia in situ is ____

A

Germ cell neoplasia in situ is neoplastic germ cells growing within tubules

  • Diffuse lesion, no mass, noninvasive
  • Present in almost all invasive GCT cases
  • C-kit, Oct-4, and PLAP positive
24
Q

C-kit, Oct-4, and PLAP positive is ___

A

C-kit, Oct-4, and PLAP positive is germ cell neoplasia in situ

25
\_\_\_\_ is composed of large primitive tumor cells in diffuse or sheet like patterns and with lymphocytes or granulomas
Seminoma is composed of large primitive tumor cells in diffuse or sheet like patterns and with lymphocytes or granulomas * PLAP, c-kit, OCT-4 * Occassionally syncytiotrophoblasts present: mildly increased hCG
26
Seminoma markers are \_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_, and \_\_\_\_
Seminoma markers are PLAP, c-kit, OCT-4 * PLAP: placental alkaline phosphatase
27
\_\_\_\_ occurs at older age, is not related to intratubular germ cell neoplasia, has small / medium / large cells, and good prognosis
Spermatocytic seminoma occurs at older age, is not related to intratubular germ cell neoplasia, has small / medium / large cells, and good prognosis
28
Nonseminomatous germ cell tumors are \_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_, and \_\_\_\_
Nonseminomatous germ cell tumors are embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac (endodermal sinus) tumor, choriocarcinoma, and mature / immature teratoma
29
Describe nonseminomatous mixed GCT
Nonseminomatous mixed GCT * Embryonal carcinoma present in 87% of mixed GCY * Teratoma present in 50% of mixed GCT * YST present in 44% of mixed GCT * Choriocarcinoma present in 15% of mixed GCT
30
Describe embryonal carcinoma
Embryonal carcinoma * Majority of cases seen in the mixed GCT * \> 10% as pure form * Tumor often shows hemorrhage and necrosis * Primitive and pleomorphic tumor cells * Solid, glandular, or papillary pattern
31
Describe yolk sac tumor
Yolk sac tumor * Most common GCT in children as pure form * Grossly myxoid or gelatinous cut surface * Many histological patterns * Most common pattern: microcystic * AFP, glypican 3 positive
32
Schiller-Duval body is found in \_\_\_
Schiller-Duval body is found in yolk sac tumor
33
Choriocarcinoma consists of ____ and \_\_\_\_
Choriocarcinoma consists of syncytiotrophoblasts and cytotrophoblasts
34
This is an \_\_\_\_
This is an immature teratoma
35
This is a \_\_\_\_
This is a mature teratoma
36
\_\_\_\_ which causes ____ chromosome has been shown in most testicular GCTs
l(12p) which causes duplication of the short arm of chromosome 12 chromosome has been shown in most testicular GCTs
37
Sex cord stromal tumors are \_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_, and \_\_\_\_
Sex cord stromal tumors are Leydig cell tumor, Sertoli cell tumor, and other types * Mostly benign, small percentage malignant * Germ cell markers negative * Inhibin positive
38
This is a \_\_\_\_
This is a Leydig cell tumor
39
This is a \_\_\_\_
This is a Sertoli cell tumor
40
Describe testicular lymphoma
Testicular lymphoma * Typically older patients (6-80) * No discrete mass * Infiltrating lymphoma between tubules * Mast cases are large B cell lymphoma
41
This is \_\_\_\_
This is metastatic prostatic adenocarcinoma to the testis

Repro / GU (46 decks)

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