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Repro / GU > SM_227b: Pathology of the Testis > Flashcards

SM_227b: Pathology of the Testis Flashcards

1
Q

Describe testicular cell components

A

Testicular cell components

  • Developing germ cells
  • Sex cord stromal cells: Leydig cells, Sertoli cells
  • Connective tissues
  • Blood and lymphocytes
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2
Q

Describe stepwise maturation of germ cells in testis

A

Stepwise maturation of germ cells in testis

  1. Spermatogonia
  2. Spermatocytes
  3. Spermatids
  4. Spermatozoa
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3
Q

These are ____

A

These are Leydig cells

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4
Q

These are ___

A

These are Sertoli cells

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5
Q

This is ___

A

This is crystal of Reinke

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6
Q

This is stained for ___

A

This is stained for inhibin

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7
Q

Epididymitis and orchitis are usually ___

A

Epididymitis and orchitis are usually acute bacterial

  • Younger men: often sexually transmitted (Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae)
  • Older men: often related to UTI (E. coli, other Gram negative rods, enterococci, staphylococcus spp.)
  • Can also be viral or other
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8
Q

This testicular caseating granuloma is caused by ____

A

This testicular caseating granuloma is caused by TB

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9
Q

This is ___

A

This is non-specific granulomatous orchitis

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10
Q

Cryptorchidism is ____

A

Cryptorchidism is undescended testis

  • Normally testes descend to scrotum during fetal development (7-8th month)
  • Failure of one or both testes to move from abdomen into scrotum after birth
  • Increased risk of developing testicular cancer
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11
Q

Two phases of normal testicular descent are ____ and ____

A

Two phases of normal testicular descent are abdominopelvic phase and inguinal-scrotal phase

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12
Q

This is ____

A

This is cryptorchidism

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13
Q

Reactive and reparative conditions of testes are ___, ___, and ___

A

Reactive and reparative conditions of testes are atrophy, infertility, and others

Atrophy is aging or therapy-related

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14
Q

This is ___ occurring due to ___

A

This is testicular atrophy occurring due to anti-androgen treatment

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15
Q

Germ cells with maturation arrest: ____ -> ____ -> ____

A

Germ cells with maturation arrest: spermatogonia -> spermatocytes -> no spermatids and no spermatozoa

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16
Q

This is a ___

A

This is a Sertoli cell only pattern

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17
Q

This is a ___

A

This is a sperm granuloma

18
Q

Hydrocele is when ____ leading to ____

A

Hydrocele is when testis is suspended in the sac filled with fluid leading to an atrophic change of the testis

19
Q

Vascular abnormalities of the testis are ____, ____, ____, and ____

A

Vascular abnormalities of the testis are varicocele, torsion, vasculitis, and atherosclerosis

20
Q

Varicocele is ___

A

Varicocele is abnormal dilation of the veins draining the testes

  • Obstructs outflow -> oligo- or azospermia
21
Q

Testicular torsion may lead to ____

A

Testicular torsion may lead to hemorrhagic necrosis

22
Q

Testicular neoplasms are classified as ____ or ____

A

Testicular neoplasms are classified as germ cell tumors or other tumors

23
Q

Germ cell neoplasia in situ is ____

A

Germ cell neoplasia in situ is neoplastic germ cells growing within tubules

  • Diffuse lesion, no mass, noninvasive
  • Present in almost all invasive GCT cases
  • C-kit, Oct-4, and PLAP positive
24
Q

C-kit, Oct-4, and PLAP positive is ___

A

C-kit, Oct-4, and PLAP positive is germ cell neoplasia in situ

25
Q

____ is composed of large primitive tumor cells in diffuse or sheet like patterns and with lymphocytes or granulomas

A

Seminoma is composed of large primitive tumor cells in diffuse or sheet like patterns and with lymphocytes or granulomas

  • PLAP, c-kit, OCT-4
  • Occassionally syncytiotrophoblasts present: mildly increased hCG
26
Q

Seminoma markers are ____, ____, and ____

A

Seminoma markers are PLAP, c-kit, OCT-4

  • PLAP: placental alkaline phosphatase
27
Q

____ occurs at older age, is not related to intratubular germ cell neoplasia, has small / medium / large cells, and good prognosis

A

Spermatocytic seminoma occurs at older age, is not related to intratubular germ cell neoplasia, has small / medium / large cells, and good prognosis

28
Q

Nonseminomatous germ cell tumors are ____, ____, ____, and ____

A

Nonseminomatous germ cell tumors are embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac (endodermal sinus) tumor, choriocarcinoma, and mature / immature teratoma

29
Q

Describe nonseminomatous mixed GCT

A

Nonseminomatous mixed GCT

  • Embryonal carcinoma present in 87% of mixed GCY
  • Teratoma present in 50% of mixed GCT
  • YST present in 44% of mixed GCT
  • Choriocarcinoma present in 15% of mixed GCT
30
Q

Describe embryonal carcinoma

A

Embryonal carcinoma

  • Majority of cases seen in the mixed GCT
  • > 10% as pure form
  • Tumor often shows hemorrhage and necrosis
  • Primitive and pleomorphic tumor cells
  • Solid, glandular, or papillary pattern
31
Q

Describe yolk sac tumor

A

Yolk sac tumor

  • Most common GCT in children as pure form
  • Grossly myxoid or gelatinous cut surface
  • Many histological patterns
  • Most common pattern: microcystic
  • AFP, glypican 3 positive
32
Q

Schiller-Duval body is found in ___

A

Schiller-Duval body is found in yolk sac tumor

33
Q

Choriocarcinoma consists of ____ and ____

A

Choriocarcinoma consists of syncytiotrophoblasts and cytotrophoblasts

34
Q

This is an ____

A

This is an immature teratoma

35
Q

This is a ____

A

This is a mature teratoma

36
Q

____ which causes ____ chromosome has been shown in most testicular GCTs

A

l(12p) which causes duplication of the short arm of chromosome 12 chromosome has been shown in most testicular GCTs

37
Q

Sex cord stromal tumors are ____, ____, and ____

A

Sex cord stromal tumors are Leydig cell tumor, Sertoli cell tumor, and other types

  • Mostly benign, small percentage malignant
  • Germ cell markers negative
  • Inhibin positive
38
Q

This is a ____

A

This is a Leydig cell tumor

39
Q

This is a ____

A

This is a Sertoli cell tumor

40
Q

Describe testicular lymphoma

A

Testicular lymphoma

  • Typically older patients (6-80)
  • No discrete mass
  • Infiltrating lymphoma between tubules
  • Mast cases are large B cell lymphoma
41
Q

This is ____

A

This is metastatic prostatic adenocarcinoma to the testis

Repro / GU (46 decks)

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