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Repro / GU > SM_229b: Histology of the Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

SM_229b: Histology of the Male Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the male reproductive system

A

Male reproductive system

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2
Q

Testis is dominated by ___

A

Testis is dominated by seminiferous tubules in lobules

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3
Q

Testis interior has ____ -> ____ -> ____

A

Testis interior has seminiferous tubules -> straight tubules -> rete testis in mediastinum

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4
Q

Testis exterior has ____ -> ____ -> ____

A

Testis exterior has efferent ductules -> epididymis -> ductus deferens

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5
Q

Intermediate mesoderm gives rise to ____ and ____

A

Intermediate mesoderm gives rise to testicular stroma and Leydig cells

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6
Q

Primary sex cords give risk to ____, ____, and ____

A

Primary sex cords give risk to epithelium of seminiferous tubules, straight tubules, and rete testis

  • Spermatogonia from hindgut enter the primary sex cords
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7
Q

Mesonephric tubules and duct become the ____ and ____

A

Mesonephric tubules and duct become the efferent ductules and duct of epididymis (and ductus deferens)

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8
Q

Stratified nuclei are mostly ___

A

Stratified nuclei are mostly germ cells in different phases of spermatogenesis

  • Supporting Sertoli cells span the thickness
  • Testosterone-producing Leydig cells are between tubules
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9
Q

Describe Sertoli cell functions

A

Sertoli cell functions

  • Blood-testis barrier
  • Androgen binding protein
  • Metabolic support
  • Phagocytosis
  • Anti-Mullerian hormone
  • Molecules that act on Leydig cells and pituitary gland
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10
Q

Spermatogenesis has the ____, ____, and ____ phases

A

Spermatogenesis has the spermatogonial phase (mitosis), spermatocyte phase (meiosis), and spermatid phase

  • Takes 74 days
  • Spermiogenesis: morphological change to sperm
  • Spermiation: release of sperm into lumen
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11
Q

Cycle of seminiferous epithelium is divided into ____

A

Cycle of seminiferous epithelium is divided into stages according to cellular associations

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12
Q

Describe spermiogenesis

A

Spermiogenesis

  • Acrosome vesicle of enzymes enlarges to surround the nucleus
  • Centriole initiates formation of axoneme microtubule doublets of the flagellum
  • Sheath of mitochondria wrap axoneme by the nucleus
  • Fibrous sheath wraps the axoneme for most of the rest of the tail
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13
Q

Describe mature spermatozoon

A

Mature spermatozoon

  • Head: flattened
  • Neck
  • Middle piece (mitochondria)
  • Principle piece of tail (fibrous sheath around axoneme)
  • End piece of tail (no fibrous sheath)
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14
Q

Male infertility is often caused by an interruption of ____

A

Male infertility is often caused by an interruption of spermiation

  • Release of sperm into lumen determines how many sperm are ultimately in the ejaculate
  • 3 months (74 days in testis + 12 days in epididymis) to see if drug treatment works
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15
Q

Epididymis is ____ + ____

A

Epididymis is efferent ductules + duct of the epididymis

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16
Q

Rete testis is ____

A

Rete testis is simple cuboidal epithelium

  • Straight tubules with only Sertoli cells joining rete testis
17
Q

Efferent ductules and duct of epididymis are composed of ____

A

Efferent ductules and duct of epididymis are composed of pseudostratified columnar epithelium (most of male system)

18
Q

Sperm are ____ at spermiation and ____

A

Sperm are non-motile at spermiation and acquire motility in the epididymis

  • Principal cells have stereocilia (long microvilli)
  • Basal cells are stem cells
19
Q

Sperm are only capable of fertilizing an ovum after undergoing the process of ____ in the ____

A

Sperm are only capable of fertilizing an ovum after undergoing the process of capacitation in the female genital tract

20
Q

Describe sperm passage through the epididymis

A

Sperm passage through the epididymis

  • Takes 12 days for sperm to pass through the 5 m of epididymis
  • Become motile and stored in tail until ejaculation
  • Capacitation in the female genital tract makes them capable of fertilizing an ovum
  • Layers in the tail of the epididymis become more like the ductus deferens
21
Q

Ductus deferens is composed of ____

A

Ductus deferens is composed of pseudostratified columnar epithelium with stereocilia

  • Muscle layers: inner and outer longitudinal, middle circular
22
Q

____ and ____ are involved in heat regulation in testis (countercurrent heat exchanger with artery)

A

Thick ductus deferens and pampiniform plexus are involved in heat regulation in testis (countercurrent heat exchanger with artery)

23
Q

Ductus deferens terminates as the ___

A

Ductus deferens terminates as the ejaculatory duct

24
Q

Describe sequence of events in ejaculation

A

Events in ejaculation

  1. Contraction of bulbourethral glands for lubrication
  2. Contraction of ductus deferens to move sperm into urethra (emission) under sympathetic control
  3. Contraction at the same time of prostate gland (secretion liquefies semen soon after ejaculation)
  4. Contraction of the seminal vesicles (add fructose for sperm nourishment and bulk / viscosity to the ejaculate)
  5. Powerful contraction of the bulbospongiosus muscle in the penis
25
Q

Describe contents of semen

A

Semen

  • 3 mL
  • Alkaline
  • 10% sperm (of which 25% are immotile or abnormal)
  • 70% seminal vesicles
  • 20% from prostate
26
Q

____ is the ability to fertilize an ovum and is developed in the female internal genital tract when glycoproteins are removed from the head of the sperm and other changes occur

A

Capacitation is the ability to fertilize an ovum and is developed in the female internal genital tract when glycoproteins are removed from the head of the sperm and other changes occur

27
Q

Describe the acrosome reaction

A

Acrosome reaction

  1. Release of acrosome hyaluronidase and proteases in zone pelucida to help sperm penetrate layer
  2. Other sperm are blocked by depolarization of ovum cell membrane (fast block) then by hardening of zone pellucida from cortical reaction (slow block)
28
Q

Summarize events in sperm development

A

Sperm development

29
Q

Describe prostate gland zones and tumor locations

A

Prostate gland zones and tumor locations

  • Transition and periurethral zones surrounding prostatic urethra (benign tumors)
  • Peripheral zone (cancer)
  • Central zone surrounding ejaculatory ducts (tumor resistant)
30
Q

Describe prostate histology

A

Prostate histology

  • Pseudosteatified columnar epithelium in glands
  • Fibromuscular tissue septa between glands
  • Look for prostatic concretions: hyaloid material that can be calcified
  • Often have concentric rings
  • Prostate specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase serum levels are important monitors of prostate cancer
31
Q

Seminal vesicles are composed of ___

A

Seminal vesicles are composed of pseudostratified columnar epithelium

  • Multiple lumen profiles are actually one continuous lumen
32
Q

Bulbourethral gland is ___

A

Bulbourethral gland is tubuloacinar mucous glands

33
Q

Describe process of erection

A

Erection

  1. Parasympathetic ACh
  2. Endothelial NO
  3. Smooth muscle cGMP
  4. Relaxation / oxidation of artery and sinusoidal smooth muscle

Viagra inhibits degradation of cGMP

Repro / GU (46 decks)

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