SM 167b Lung Pathology & Infectious Disease

Question 1

Is Acute Lung Injury a disease or a syndrome?

Answer 1

Acute Lung Injury is a clinical syndrome

Question 2

What characterizes Acute Lung Injury?

Answer 2

Abrupt onset of hypoxemia and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates

Question 3

What can cause Acute Lung Injury?

Answer 3

Infection, physical injury, inhaled irritants, and chemical injury

Question 4

What is the pathophysiology of Acute Lung Injury?

Answer 4

Related to pneumocyte or endothelial cell injury which triggers an inflammatory response

Question 5

How can an Acute Lung injury progress?

Answer 5

It can resolve entirely or progress into interstitial fibrosis

Question 6

What is the pathology correlate of Acute Lung injury?

Answer 6

Diffuse Alveolar Damage

Question 7

What characterizes Diffuse Alveolar Damage?

Answer 7

Intraalveolar dense pink hyaline membranes, and increased inflammatory cells

Question 8

What are common causes of bacterial pneumonia?

Answer 8

S. pneumonia, H. influenza, M. catarrhalis, and S. aureus (exudates)

Question 9

Where can bacterial pneumonia originate?

Answer 9

Community or hospital acquired

Question 10

What does bacterial pneumonia look like on pathology?

Answer 10

Patchy or diffuse, consolidation of the parenchyma (hepatization), and numerous neutrophils and hyaline membranes within the alveolar spaces

Question 11

What is bronchopneumonia?

Answer 11

Consolidation of parts of a lobe during bacterial pneumonia

Question 12

What is lobar pneumonia?

Answer 12

Consolidation of an entire lobe during bacterial pneumonia

Question 13

What cell types are commonly found in bacterial pneumonia, and where?

Answer 13

Macrophages and PMN’s, commonly in the alveolar spaces

Question 14

What are common causes of viral pneumonia in immunocompetent hosts?

Answer 14

Influenza A/B, RSV, Adenovirus

Question 15

What are common causes of viral pneumonia in immunocompromised hosts?

Answer 15

CMV, Herpes

Question 16

What could predispose a person to viral pneumonia?

Answer 16

Anything that compromises the immune system, such as transplant recipients and advanced HIV

Question 17

What does viral pneumonia look like under pathology?

Answer 17

Lymphoid infiltrates in the alveolar septae and viral inclusion bodies

Question 18

How do viral and bacterial pneumonia differ under pathology?

Answer 18

Viral pneumonia affects the alveolar spetae themselves and spares the alveolar space; bacterial pneumonia occupies the alveolar space

Question 19

How do chronic granulomatous infections present in healthy individuals?

Answer 19

Asymptomatic or subacute

Question 20

What are common causes of granulomatous infections?

Answer 20

Mycobacteria (TB and non-TB) and fungal (Histo/Blasto/Coccidiomycosis)

Question 21

How does chronic granulomatous inflammation present on pathology?

Answer 21

Typically, but not always, necrotizing

Question 22

What must be done to observe fungal organisms on pathology?

Answer 22

Silver stain to highlight fungal causes of chronic granulomatous disease

Question 23

What must be done to observe bacterial organisms on pathology?

Answer 23

AFB stain to highlight bacterial causes of chronic granulomatous disease

Question 24

What does a necrotizing granuloma look like?

Answer 24

A patch of cells with a dark core, indicating necrotizing cells