Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pulmonology > SM 167a Lung Pathology & Restrictive Lung Disease > Flashcards

SM 167a Lung Pathology & Restrictive Lung Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What 2 areas should be examined when looking at a Lung?

A

Surface of the Lung + Cut Surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How should the surface of the Lung appear?

A

Smooth + Glistening + No Adhered Structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How should the cut surface of the Lung appear?

A

Color = Red/Maroon + Consistency = Sponge-like + Air Spaces = Patent/Wide Open/Few/Central

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What colors of the Lung are worrisome?

A

Red Lung cut surface = hemorrhage Grey Lung cut surface = Bad

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What type of cell is found on the epithelium of larger Airway histology?

A

Cilliated Columnar Epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What differentiated Bronchi and Bronchioles?

A

Bronchi have Cartilage Rings + Submucosal glands while Bronchioles do not

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What makes up an Alveolar Septae?

A

Type I Pneumocyte + Capillary + Type I Pneumocyte = Septae (Very Thin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the two categories of Chronic Lung Disease?

A

Obstructive Lung Disease + Restrictive Lung Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the general properties of Obstructive Lung Disease?

A

Involve the airway, increases resistance to airflow, and does not progress to “honeycomb lung”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the general properties of Restrictive Lung Disease?

A

Involve the lung parenchyma, decreased expansion of lung parenchyma via fibrosis leading to decreased lung capacity, and progresses to “honeycomb lung”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What pathophysiology is associated with Restrictive Lung Disease?

A

Restrictive Lung Disease often involves Fibrosis, which prevents Alveoli from expanding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is “honeycomb lung”?

A

End stage restrictive lung disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is categorized as Obstructive Lung Disease?

A

CAB = COPD (Emphysema and Chronic Bronchitis), Asthma, Bronchiectasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is categorized as Restrictive Lung Disease?

A

HUNS = Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis, Usual Interstitial Pneumonia, Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia, and Sarcoidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which forms of Restrictive Lung Disease are patterns?

A

Usual Interstitial Pneumonia (UIP) and Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia (NSIP), they are not diseases but a pattern of injury that result from many other diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which forms of Restrictive Lung Disease are specific disease entities?

A

Sarcoidosis and Hypersensitivity Pneumononitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Is UIP a disease or a pattern?

A

UIP is a pattern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are common causes of UIP?

A

IPF, Connective Tissue diseases (Rheumatoid Arthritis), Asbestosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the worst cause of UIP?

A

IPF - progressive disease with 3 year survival

20
Q

What is the pathology of UIP?

A

“Fibroblastic Foci” with temporal and geographic heterogeneity

21
Q

Which disease presents with temporal and geographic heterogeneity and what does that mean?

A

UIP; in UIP, areas of young and old fibrosis are next to eachother as well as areas of fibrotic and healthy lung tissue in general

22
Q

Where does UIP tend to target?

A

Subpleural regions

23
Q

Is NSIP a specific disease or a pattern?

A

NSIP is a pattern

24
Q

What are the common causes of NSIP?

A

Autoimmune diseases like Rheumatoid Arthritis and Sarcoidosis and Idiopathic NSIP

25
Q

What is the pathology of NSIP?

A

Temporally and geographically uniform fibrosis

26
Q

How do the pathologies of NSIP and UIP compare?

A

UIP is heterogenous both temporally and geographically while NSIP is uniform

27
Q

What is Sarcoidosis?

A

A granulomatous disease of unknown etiology

28
Q

Who is typically affected by Sarcoidosis?

A

Adults < 40 y/o, Females, and Black Patients

29
Q

Which areas does Sarcoidosis effect?

A

Sarcoidosis effects the Lungs as well as other systemic areas like the eyes and skin

30
Q

How does Sarcoidosis appear on pathology?

A

Well formed granulomas without lymphoid inflammation or necrosis

31
Q

Where does Sarcoidosis effect the lungs?

A

Sarcoidosis typically effects the airways and veins

32
Q

What must be confirmed before Sarcoidosis is diagnosed?

A

Infectious etiologies must be ruled out first

33
Q

What cells are in a Granuloma?

A

Balls of Histocytes if sterile, add immune cells if infected

34
Q

What is Hypersensitivity Pneumonia?

A

A pneumonia caused by prolonged exposure to organic antigens

35
Q

How does Hypersensitivity Pneumonia present?

A

Acute = fever/cough/dyspnea + chronic = respiratory failure

36
Q

Is Hypersensitivity Pneumonia chronic or acute?

A

Both

37
Q

How does Hypersensitivity Pneumonia appear on pathology?

A

Poorly formed non-necrotizing granulomas

38
Q

What type of pattern of injury does chronic Hypersensitiivty Pneumonia display?

A

UIP

39
Q

What is Honeycomb Lung?

A

End stage of fibrosis associated restrictive lung disease, especially UIP

40
Q

How is Honeycomb Lung diagnosed?

A

CT Scans and specimens diagnose Honeycomb Lung

41
Q

What does Honeycomb Lung look like?

A

Cystic spaces lined with columnar bronchial epithelial cells; dense fibrosis

42
Q

How can Honeycomb Lung be differentiated from Emphysema?

A

Emphysema lacks fibrosis

43
Q

When can IPF be diagnosed?

A

IPF is diagnosed if the UIP patterns of Temporal and Geographic heterogeneity in fibrosis is present and no clear cause can be found

44
Q

Is sarcoidosis systemic or organ-based?

A

Sarcoidosis is a systemic disease that affects multiple organs

45
Q

What is needed before sarcoidosis can be diagnosed?

A

Special stains and cultures

Pulmonology (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions